National Assessment of First Nations Water and Wastewater Systems - Ontario Regional Roll-Up Report

Prepared By: Neegan Burnside Ltd.
Prepared for: Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
Date: January 2011
File No: FGY163080.4

PDF Version (3.6 Mb, 114 Pages)

Statement of Qualifications and Limitations for Regional Roll-Up Reports

This regional roll-up report has been prepared by Neegan Burnside Ltd. and a team of subconsultants (Consultant) for the benefit of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (Client). Regional summary reports have been prepared for the 8 regions, to facilitate planning and budgeting on both a regional and national level to address water and wastewater system deficiencies and needs.

The material contained in this Regional Roll-Up report is:

preliminary in nature, to allow for high level budgetary and risk planning to be completed by the Client on a national level.
based on a compilation of the data and findings from the individual community reports prepared and issued for a specific region.
not proposing to identify the preferred solution to address deficiencies for each community. Rather this report will identify possible solution(s) and probable preliminary costs associated with solution(s) presented in greater detail in the community reports. Community specific studies including more detailed evaluation will be required to identify both preferred solutions and final costs.
based on existing conditions observed by, or reported to the Consultant. This assessment does not wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for costs, hazards or losses in connection with a facility. Conditions existing but not recorded were not apparent given the level of study undertaken.
to be read in the context of its entirety.
not to be used for any purpose other than that agreed to with the Client. Any use which a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions to be made based on it, are the responsibility of such third parties. Any other user specifically denies any right to claims against the Consultant, Sub-Consultants, their Officers, Agents and Employees.

Risk as it pertains to health and safety issues and building code compliance is based upon hazards readily identifiable during a simple walk through of the water and wastewater facilities, and does not constitute a comprehensive assessment with regard to health and safety regulations and or building code regulations.

The Consultant accepts no responsibility for any decisions made or actions taken as a result of this report.

1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Site Visits
- 1.2 Reporting
2.0 Regional Overview
- 2.1 Water Servicing
- 2.2 Wastewater Servicing
3.0 Preliminary Results and Trends
4.0 Cost Analysis
5.0 Regional Summary

Appendices

A. Glossary of Terms and Acronyms
B. System Summary
C. Site Visit Methodology
D. First Nation Summaries
E. Appendix E - Risk Summary
F. Protocol and Servicing Costs

1.0 Introduction

The Government of Canada is committed to providing safe, clean drinking water in all First Nations communities, and to ensuring that wastewater services in all First Nations communities meet acceptable effluent quality standards. As part of this commitment, the Government announced the First Nations Water and Wastewater Action Plan (FNWWAP). The plan funds the construction and renovation of water and wastewater facilities, operator training, and public health activities related to water and wastewater on reserves. It also provided for a national, independent assessment – The National Assessment of First Nations Water and Wastewater Systems – which will inform the Government's future, long-term investment strategy. This assessment was also recommended by the Senate Standing Committee on Aboriginal Peoples.

The purpose of the National Assessment is to define the current deficiencies and the operational needs of water and wastewater systems, identify the long-term water and wastewater needs of each community and recommend sustainable, long-term infrastructure development strategies.

The objectives of the National Assessment are to:

Identify which upgrades will be required for existing public systems to meet INAC's Level of Service Standards; INAC's Protocol for Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities; INAC's Protocol for Wastewater Treatment and Disposal in First Nations Communities; and applicable provincial regulations, codes, and standards
Complete the Annual Inspection, Risk Assessment and Asset Condition Reporting Systems (ACRS) assessment for water and wastewater assets
Conduct an overall community serviceability assessment of private, on-site communal and/or central systems
Prepare Class "D" cost estimates for each of the communities visited. Class "D" estimates are preliminary, and are based on available site information. They indicate the approximate magnitude of the cost of the recommended actions, and they may be used to develop long-term capital plans. In addition, these estimates may be used in preliminary discussions of proposed capital projects.

This assessment involved collecting background data and information about each community, undertaking a site visit, and preparing individual community reports for each participating First Nation. Neegan Burnside and its sub-consultants conducted an assessment for each of the eight regions. This report summarizes the findings for the Ontario region.

1.1 Site Visits

Neegan Burnside Ltd. and its sub-consultants, R.J. Burnside & Associates Limited, XCG Consultants Ltd., and KGS Group, made site visits in the Ontario region during September and October, 2009, and during May through September, 2010. Each visit included at least two team members. In addition to the consultant staff, additional participants including the Circuit Rider Trainer (CRT), INAC Representative, Environmental Health Officer (EHO) from Health Canada and Tribal Council Representative were invited to attend the site visits. Each community report identifies the additional participants who were able to attend.

After confirming the various components that the First Nation uses to provide water and wastewater services to the community (i.e. number and types of systems, piping, individual systems, etc.) along with population and future servicing needs (planned development and population growth), an assessment was carried out of the water and wastewater systems, as well as 5% of the individual systems.

1.2 Reporting

Individual community reports have been prepared for each First Nation. In cases where the First Nation consists of multiple communities that are located in geographically distinct areas, a separate report was prepared for each community. In the Ontario Region, 120 of 121 First Nations (99%) with water/wastewater assets participated in the study, which resulted in the preparation of 122 individual community reports. Figure 1.1 indicates the location of each First Nation visited as a part of this study.

The reports include an assessment of existing communal and individual systems, identification of required upgrades to meet departmental, federal and provincial protocols and guidelines, and an assessment of existing servicing of the community along with projections of population and water and wastewater flows for future servicing for the 10 year period. Each report includes the projected costs for the recommendations to meet departmental protocol, federal and provincial guidelines, and an evaluation of servicing alternatives along with life cycle costing for each feasible alternative.

The appendices of each report also include an annual water inspection, a risk evaluation, and an Asset Condition and Reporting System inspection for each system.

Figure 1.1 - Ontario First Nations Visited — **Figure 1.1**

2.0 Regional Overview

The Ontario region includes 121 First Nations with water and wastewater assets. 120 of these First Nations participated in the National Assessment. There are 158 water systems (146 First Nation systems and 12 Municipal Type Agreements) and 77 wastewater systems (71 First Nation systems and 6 Municipal Type Agreements).

A water or wastewater system considered a First Nation system, consists of INAC-funded assets, and serves five or more residences or public facilities. A Municipal Type Agreement (MTA), on the other hand, is when First Nations are supplied with treated water from or send their wastewater to a nearby municipality or neighbouring First Nation or corporate entity as outlined in a formal agreement between the two parties.

The First Nation community population ranges from 23 to 11,449 people, and household sizes range from 1.5 to 7.2 people per unit (ppu). The total number of dwellings is 23,732 and the average household size in the Ontario region is 3.9 ppu.

2.1 Water Servicing

There are a total of 158 water systems serving 115 First Nations. The remaining five First Nations are serviced solely by individual water supplies.

For water treatment, the 158 systems include:

12 systems that receive their water supply through a Municipal Type Agreement (MTA)
39 groundwater systems
13 GUDI (groundwater under the direct influence of surface water) systems
94 surface water systems.

For water distribution, the 158 systems include:

3 distribution systems that are maintained through a Municipal Type Agreement (MTA)
155 distribution systems that are maintained by the First Nation.

The following summarizes the level of service being provided to the homes within the Ontario region:

69% of the homes (16,354) are piped
9% of the homes (2,078) are on truck delivery
19% of the homes (4,468) are serviced by individual wells
3% of the homes (832) are reported to have no water service.

For the purposes of the assessment, homes without water service are typically those without plumbing within the house.

Table 2.1, below, provides an overview of the water systems by system classification, source type, treatment type and storage type.

In general, the treatment system classification reflects the complexity of the treatment process. Treatment systems labeled as "Small System" and "None" typically represent systems with either disinfection only or no treatment. The distribution classification reflects the population of the community being serviced. The classification follows Ontario's regulations.

Ontario has recently modified the licensing of systems and the certification of operators. First Nation water systems have been evaluated as "year round municipal residential" systems. Ontario recognizes three classes of sub-system: Distribution, Distribution and Supply, and Water Treatment, each of which may be Class I,II,III or IV, and the province requires operators to be certified to the appropriate subsystem and class. The mapping of the existing treatment and distribution certifications to the three categories in the updated Ontario system is outside of the scope of this project.

**Table 2.1 - Water Overview: System Classification**
System Classification	No.	% of Total
None	3	2%
Small System	24	15%
Level I	45	28%
Level II	62	39%
Level III	12	8%
MTA	12	8%

**Table 2.1 - Water Overview: Source Type**
Source Type	No.	% of Total
Groundwater	39	25%
Surface Water	94	59%
GroundwaterGUDI	13	8%
MTA	12	8%

**Table 2.1 - Water Overview: Storage**
1Storage	No.	% of Total
None	47	30%
Elevated	14	9%
Standpipe	7	4%
Grade level	10	6%
Underground	80	51%

**Table 2.1 - Water Overview: Treatment Type**
Treatment Type	No.	% of Total
None - Direct Use	4	2%
Disinfection Only	28	18%
Greensand Filtration	6	4%
Slow Sand	19	12%
Conventional	46	29%
Membrane Filtration	43	27%
MTA	12	8%

2.2 Wastewater Servicing

There are a total of 77 wastewater systems serving 67 First Nations. The remaining 53 First Nations are serviced solely by individual wastewater systems.

For wastewater treatment, the 77 systems include:

6 systems are provided treatment through a Municipal Type Agreement (MTA)
71 First Nation wastewater treatment systems, consisting of 38 systems that use either facultative or aerated lagoons, 27 systems that use a mechanical plant, 4 communal septic systems and 2 other treatment type systems.

For wastewater collection, the 77 systems include:

2 wastewater collection systems that are maintained through a Municipal Type Agreement (MTA)
75 wastewater collection systems that are maintained by the First Nation.

The following is a summary of the level of service being provided to the homes within the Ontario region:

35% of the homes (8,230) are piped
5% of the homes (1,276) are on truck haul
57% of the homes (13,537) are serviced by individual wastewater systems
3% of the homes (689) are reported to have no service.

The following table provides an overview of the wastewater systems by system classification and treatment type:

**Table 2.2 - Wastewater Overview: System Classification**
System Classification	No.	% of Total
Small System	7	9%
Level I	46	60%
Level II	17	22%
Level III	1	1%
MTA	6	8%

**Table 2.2 - Wastewater Overview: Treatment Type**
Treatment Type	No.	% of Total
Aerated Lagoon	1	1%
Facultative Lagoon	37	48%
Mechanical Treatment	27	35%
MTA	6	8%
Other	2	3%
Septic System	4	5%

3.0 Preliminary Results and Trends

3.1 Per Capita Consumption and Plant Capacity

For communal water systems, the average per capita demand ranges from 31 L/p/d to 778 L/p/d, with an average per capita demand of approximately 298 L/p/d.^{Footnote 1}

Historical flow records are not available for approximately 50% of the First Nations with communal water systems, including five of the 12 systems serviced by a Municipal Type Agreement. For these First Nations, an average per capita flow rate of 275 to 325 L/p/d was used to evaluate the water systems.

The distribution of per capita flow is outlined in Table 3.1.

**Table 3.1 - Range of Per Capita Water Usage Rates**
	No. of systems 2009
Less than 250 L/c/d	40
250 L/c/d to 375 L/c/d	101
Greater than 375 L/c/d	17

There is no historical wastewater flow data available for most of these systems. Therefore, to evaluate the ability of the existing infrastructure to meet the current and projected needs, an average daily flow was calculated based on the actual or assumed per capita water consumption, plus an infiltration allowance of 90 L/c/d for piped servicing.

The following figure provides a summary of the treatment capacity for the water and wastewater systems:

over capacity: the existing system is unable to meet the current needs
at capacity: the existing system is able to meet the current needs
available capacity: the existing system has sufficient capacity to meet more than the current needs
not enough data: insufficient data to determine the actual system capacity.

**Figure 3.1 - Water and Wastewater Treatment Capacities**

The data shows that 32 water systems and 20 wastewater systems are operating at or beyond their estimated capacities. Two of these water systems have per capita demands in excess of 450 L/c/d.

3.2 Distribution and Collection

The household size for the 120 First Nations ranges from 1.5 to 7.2 people per unit (ppu), with an average of 3.9 ppu.^{Footnote 2} The total number of piped connections in the region is 16,354 for water and 8,230 for wastewater. The average length per connection of watermain in the region is approximately 52 m. The average length per connection of sewermain in the region is approximately 30 m.

As the table and the figures below illustrate, there is no strong correlation between the size of the community and the length of pipe per connection. The length of the watermain per connection is greater than the length of the sanitary main per connection. This difference is likely because some communities provide water service only, so the homes are farther apart to allow for the installation of private septic systems. In some cases, the data provided for watermains includes dedicated transmission main lengths (no service connections) and non-distribution mains (i.e. intake pipes, raw water pipes). As a result, the average length per connection is inflated, particularly for smaller communities where the additional pipe length is spread over a smaller number of connections. The tables and figures include only those communities for which suitable data was available.

The table below indicates the number of water and wastewater systems that have pipe lengths above and below 30 m/connection. It should be noted that this information was not available for all of the systems.

**Table 3.2 - Average Water Distribution and Wastewater Collection Pipe Lengths**
	Watermain	Sewer
Average m/connection	52	30
No. of systems with pipe lengths above 30 m/connection	113	34
No. of systems with pipe lengths below 30 m/connection	22	29

**Figure 3.2 - Water Distribution: Average Pipe Length per Connection**

**Figure 3.3 - Wastewater Collection: Average Pipe Length per Connection**

3.3 Water Risk Evaluation

A risk assessment has been completed for each water system according to the INAC Risk Level Evaluation Guidelines. Each facility is ranked in risk according to the following categories: Water Source, Design, Operation (and Maintenance), Reporting and Operators. The risk levels of all five categories are then used to determine the overall risk for the system.

Each of the five risk categories, as well as the overall risk level of the entire system, is ranked numerically from 1 to 10. Low, medium and high risks are defined as follows:

Low Risk (1.0 to 4.0): These are systems that operate with minor deficiencies. Low-risk systems usually meet the water quality parameters that are specified by the appropriate Canadian Guidelines for drinking water (in particular, the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ).
Medium Risk (4.1 to 7.0): These are systems with deficiencies, which — individually or combined—pose a medium risk to the quality of water and to human health. These systems do not generally require immediate action, but the deficiencies should be corrected to avoid future problems.
High Risk (7.1 to 10.0): These are systems with major deficiencies, which— individually or combined—pose a high risk to the quality of water. These deficiencies may lead to potential health and safety or environmental concerns. They could also result in water quality advisories against drinking the water (such as, but not limited to, boil water advisories), repetitive non-compliance with guidelines, and inadequate water supplies. Once systems are classified under this category, regions and First Nations must take immediate corrective action to minimize or eliminate deficiencies.

Regional Risk Summary:

Of the 158 water systems inspected:

72 are categorized as high overall risk
61 are categorized as medium overall risk
25 are categorized as low overall risk.

The 25 Low-risk systems include 7 groundwater systems, 7 Municipal Type Agreement (MTA) systems, and 11 surface water systems.

Appendix E.1 provides a table summarizing the correlation between component risk and overall risk. In general, MTA systems are more likely to have a lower overall risk, whereas groundwater under the influence of surface water (GUDI) systems and surface water systems are more likely to be higher risk.

**Figure 3.4 - Provides a geographical representation of the final risk for the water systems that were inspected**

3.3.1 Overall System Risk by Source

The following table summarizes the overall system risk by water source. In general, it is assumed that MTA systems have a lower overall risk than other systems because they operate in accordance with provincial legislation. In the Ontario region, 54% of the GUDI systems, 48% of the surface water systems, 46% of the groundwater systems and 17% of the MTA systems were high risk systems. 58% of the MTA systems, 18% of the groundwater systems, 12% of the surface water systems, and none of the GUDI systems have a low overall risk.

**Table 3.3 - Summary of Overall Risk Levels by Water Source**
Overall Risk Level	Groundwater	GUDI	Surface Water	MTA	Total
High	18	7	45	2	72
Medium	14	6	38	3	61
Low	7	0	11	7	25
Total	39	13	94	12	158

3.3.2 Overall System Risk by Treatment Classification

The following table summarizes the overall system risk by the classification level of the treatment system. System classification is based on a number of factors. Systems with no treatment and small systems are more likely to have higher overall risk scores than more complicated systems.

**Table 3.4 - Summary of Overall Risk Levels by Treatment System Classification**
Overall Risk Level	None	Small System	Level I	Level II	Level III	MTA	Total
High	3	20	20	23	4	2	72
Medium	0	1	21	31	5	3	61
Low	0	3	4	8	3	7	25
Total	3	24	45	62	12	12	158

Figure 3.5 - Risk Profile Based on Water Treatment System Classification

Detailed description of Figure 3.5 - Risk Profile Based on Water Treatment System Classification

This graph illustrates the risk profile of water treatment systems in Ontario by treatment system classification. It illustrates what percentage of each type of system is high, medium and low risk. It also shows the mean overall risk level by treatment system classification.

There are six treatment system classifications:

None
Small System
Level I
Level II
Level III
MTA

None

The mean overall risk for systems classified as "None" is 8.23.
100 percent of the systems classified as "None" have a high overall risk.

Small Systems

The mean overall risk for Small Systems is 7.28.
83 percent of the Small Systems have a high overall risk; 4 percent of the Small Systems have a medium overall risk; and 13 percent of the Small Systems have a low overall risk.

Level I Systems

The mean overall risk for Level I Systems is 6.58.
44 percent of the Level I Systems have a high overall risk; 47 percent of the Level I Systems have a medium overall risk; and 9 percent of the Level I Systems have a low overall risk.

Level II Systems

The mean overall risk for Level II Systems is 6.03.
37 percent of the Level II Systems have a high overall risk; 50 percent of the Level II Systems have a medium overall risk; and 13 percent of the Level II Systems have a low overall risk.

Level III Systems

The mean overall risk for Level III Systems is 5.69.
33 percent of the Level III Systems have a high overall risk; 42 percent of the Level III Systems have a medium overall risk; and 25 percent of the Level III Systems have a low overall risk.

MTA (Municipal Type Agreement) Systems

The mean overall risk for MTA (Municipal Type Agreement) systems is 4.12.
17 percent of MTA (Municipal Type Agreement) Systems have a high overall risk; 25 percent of MTA (Municipal Type Agreement) Systems have a medium overall risk; and 58 percent of MTA (Municipal Type Agreement) Systems have a low overall risk.

3.3.3 Overall Risk by Number of Connections

For the Ontario region, systems serving more than 100 connections have a fairly even distribution of high-, medium- and low-risk systems. Systems serving less than 100 connections are more likely to have a high- or medium-overall risk. The most likely reason for the higher risk rating for smaller systems includes:

inadequate treatment for the source water
untrained operators
no backup operators
poor reporting practices.

The above factors seem to be more prevalent in smaller systems.

3.3.4 Component Risks: Water

The overall risk is comprised of five component risks: water source, design, operation, reporting and operator. Each of these component risk factors is discussed below.

Figure 3.6 - Water: Risk Profile Based on Risk Components

Text Description of Figure 3.6 - Water: Risk Profile Based on Risk Components

This graph illustrates the mean risk score associated with each type of risk component for all water systems (except Municipal Type Agreement Systems) in First Nations communities in Ontario.

The overall risk associated with the source component is 7.5.
The overall risk associated with the design component is 5.4.
The overall risk associated with the operation component is 6.9.
The overall risk associated with the reporting component is 7.0.
The overall risk associated with the operator component is 3.1.

**Data for Figure 3.6 - Water: Risk Profile Based on Risk Components**
	Source	Design	Operation	Reporting	Operator
Risk	7.5	5.4	6.9	7.0	3.1
Minimum	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Maximum	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
Std. Dev.	2.3	2.7	2.4	3.3	2.6

3.3.5 Component Risk - Water: Source

The risk associated with the source has a mean score of 7.5. The mean source risk score by type of source is:

groundwater at 6.2
groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI) at 9.5
surface water at 8.6
Municipal Type Agreement (MTA) at 1.9.

The data indicates that systems that rely on surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI) water typically have a higher component risk score than systems that rely on groundwater. The risk formula automatically assigns a higher base risk to these types of systems.

The following figure identifies the drivers that contribute to source risk scores.

3.3.6 Component Risk - Water: Design

The risk associated with the design has a mean score of 5.4. The mean design risk score by type of source is:

groundwater at 5.3
groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI) at 7.2
surface water at 5.5
Municipal Type Agreement (MTA) at 3.2.

The higher design risk for the GUDI sources is associated with the relatively recent requirement for GUDI sources to meet treatment levels equivalent to those required for surface water. If the system was developed prior to this change, as a groundwater source, rather than GUDI, then it would not provide the required level of treatment. Of the 13 GUDI systems, 1 has direct use of raw water, 2 are equipped with disinfection only, and 2 additional systems do not have adequate filtration. The remaining systems use cartridge, granular media or membrane filtration, and their effectiveness varies.

As part of the multi-barrier approach to water treatment, chlorination is now required for all water systems. Typically, a groundwater system has an increased design risk if it does not have a disinfection system in place, or if there is insufficient contact time to ensure that the chlorination process is adequate.

There are several key drivers of the region's design risk scores, including:

failure to meet the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ)
exceeding the GCDWQ Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) for bacteria
no disinfection system in place or a disinfection system that is not being used
no appropriate treatment in place to meet INAC's Protocol requirements
problems with system reliability
systems approaching or exceeding design capacity
inappropriate waste management.

It should be noted that the design risk drivers in red result in the entire water system being given a high risk score, regardless of all of the other component risk scores.

3.3.7 Component Risk - Water: Operation

The risk associated with operation has a mean score of 6.9. The mean operation risk score by type of source is:

groundwater at 7.2
groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI) at 7.3
surface water at 7.0
Municipal Type Agreement (MTA) at 5.3.

Areas that increased risk include operators not maintaining records, operators not having or not using approved Operation & Maintenance manuals, and operators not scheduling and performing maintenance activities. Increased effort focused on these areas would result in lowering both the component and overall risk scores.

There are several key drivers of the region's operation risk scores, including:

failure to meet the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ)
exceeding the GCDWQ Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) for bacteria
maintenance logs being inadequately maintained
lack of general system maintenance
Emergency Response Plan not in place or not in use
no Operation & Maintenance manual or Operation & Maintenance manual not being used.

**Figure 3.9 - Operations Risk Drivers**

**Figure 3.10 - Summary of Findings: Water Systems Operational Practices**

One or more major components are not working for 41% of the systems. Although the operators for 70% of the systems practice line flushing and 88% hydrant flushing, most do not regularly swab watermains, clean reservoirs or test fire pumps. Records of system maintenance and repairs were available for only 42% of the systems.

3.3.8 Component Risk - Water: Reporting

The risk associated with reporting has a mean score of 7.0. The mean reporting risk score by type of source is:

groundwater at 7.7
groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI) at 7.6
surface water at 6.8
Municipal Type Agreement (MTA) at 5.9.

Poor record keeping and reporting are significant drivers of reporting risk for all systems (70%), as is inconsistent record keeping (59%). For systems with a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system in place, an additional driver is that the instruments are not being calibrated to ensure that the information being recorded is accurate (24%).

An important consideration is that the systems were evaluated based on the requirements for monitoring and reporting as set out in INAC's Protocol. Generally, monitoring and reporting being undertaken by the operators does not meet these requirements. Operator awareness and training could have a significant impact on these risk scores.

**Figure 3.11 - Reporting Risk Drivers**

3.3.9 Component Risk - Water: Operator

The risk associated with the operator has a mean score of 3.1. It should be noted that a more complicated system (based on treatment classification) requires an operator with a higher level of training. Operator Risk is higher for the more complicated systems, because systems with higher classifications appear less likely to have suitably certified staff. The mean operator risk score by type of source is:

groundwater at 2.7
groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI) at 2.7
surface water at 3.4
Municipal Type Agreement (MTA) at 2.3.

The extent to which existing systems have fully certified primary and backup operators is presented in Table 3.5. Of the 143 systems that require a certified operator for the water treatment system, 55% did not have a fully certified primary operator and 87% did not have a fully certified backup operator. Of the 150 systems that require a certified operator for the distribution system, 59% did not have a fully certified primary operator and 78% did not have a fully certified backup operator.

**Table 3.5 - Water: Operator Status for Ontario Region**
	Primary Operator		Backup Operator
	Treatment	Distribution	Treatment	Distribution
No. of Systems Currently Without an Operator	3	4	17	18
No. of Systems with Operator with No Certification	55	75	79	87
No. of Systems with Operator Certified but not to the Required Level of the System	20	9	29	12
No. of Systems with Operator with Adequate Certification	65	62	18	33
No. of Systems Not Requiring Operators with Certification	15	8	15	8
Total No. of Systems	158	158	158	158

Those factors which frequently contribute to increased operator risk are identified in Figure 3.12. A lack of certification, lack of training and the lack of primary or backup operator are common drivers that increase operator risk.

3.4 Wastewater Risk Evaluation

A risk assessment was completed for each wastewater system according to INAC's Risk Level Evaluation Guidelines. The risk of each wastewater facility is ranked according to the following categories: effluent receiver, design, operation and maintenance, reporting, and operator. The overall risk score is a weighted average of the component risk scores.

Each of the five risk categories is ranked numerically from 1 to 10, as is the overall risk level of the entire system. A risk ranking of 1.0 to 4.0 represents a low risk, a risk ranking of 4.1 to 7.0 represents a medium risk, and a risk of 7.1 to 10.0 represents a high risk.

Of the 77 wastewater systems inspected:

28 are categorized as high overall risk
38 are categorized as medium overall risk
11 are categorized as low risk.

Appendix E.2 provides a table that summarizes the correlation between the component risk and the overall risk.

Figure 3.13 provides a geographical representation of the final risk for the wastewater systems that were inspected.

3.4.1 Overall System Risk by Treatment Classification

Figure 3.14 demonstrates the correlation between the mean overall system risk and the classification level of the treatment system. For MTA systems, it was assumed that the municipality operates their system in accordance with provincial legislation, which contributes to a lower overall risk for these systems.

For the Ontario region, it appears that a higher plant classification is positively correlated with a higher overall risk score, and that MTA systems have the greatest likelihood of being low risk.

**Figure 3.13 - Ontario Wastewater System Risk**

Figure 3.14 - Risk Profile Based on Wastewater Treatment System Classification

Text Description of Figure 3.14

This graph illustrates the relationship between the mean overall system risk and the treatment system classification level for wastewater systems in First Nations communities in Ontario. It also illustrates the percentage of low, medium, and high overall risk scores by system type.

Small Systems

The mean overall risk for Small Systems is 6.13.
29 percent of the Small Systems have a high overall risk.
71 percent of the Small Systems have a medium overall risk.

Level I Systems

The mean overall risk for Level I Systems is 6.14.
33 percent of the Level I Systems have a high overall risk.
56 percent of the Level I Systems have a medium overall risk.
11 percent of the Level I Systems have a low overall risk.

Level II Systems

The mean overall risk for Level II Systems is 6.59.
47 percent of the Level II Systems have a high overall risk.
41 percent of the Level II Systems have a medium overall risk.
12 percent of the Level II Systems have a low overall risk.

Level III Systems

The mean overall risk for Level III Systems is 8.0.
100 percent of the Level III Systems have a high overall risk.

Municipal Type Agreement Systems (MTAs)

The mean overall risk for Municipal Type Agreement Systems is 4.57.
33 percent of the Municipal Type Agreement Systems have a high overall risk.
67 percent of the Municipal Type Agreement systems have a low overall risk.

3.4.2 Overall System Risk by Number of Connections

For the Ontario region systems with less than 100 connections are more likely to be medium or high risk than systems with 100 or more connections.

3.4.3 Component Risks: Wastewater

The overall risk is comprised of five component risks: effluent receiver, design, operation, reporting and operators. Each of these component risk factors is discussed below.

Figure 3.15 - Wastewater: Risk Profile Based on Risk Components

Text Description of Figure 3.15 - Risk Profile Based on Risk Components

This graph illustrates the risk associated with each type of risk component for all wastewater systems in First Nations communities in Ontario. The graph shows the mean risk score for wastewater systems by the type of risk component. There are five risk components: effluent; design; operation; reporting; and operator.

The risk associated with the effluent component has a mean score of 6.7.
The risk associated with the design component has a mean score of 4.7.
The risk associated with the operation component has a mean score of 7.4.
The risk associated with the reporting component has a mean score of 7.1.
The risk associated with the operator component has a mean score of 5.1.

**Data for Figure 3.15 - Wastewater: Risk Profile Based on Risk Components**
	Effluent	Design	Operation	Reporting	Operator
Risk	6.7	4.7	7.4	7.1	5.1
Minimum	1.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0
Maximum	10.0	9.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
Std. Dev.	2.7	2.2	2.1	3.5	3.4

3.4.4 Component Risk - Wastewater: Effluent Receiver

The risk associated with the effluent receiver has a mean risk score of 6.7. The mean effluent receiver risk source by treatment type is:

Septic Systems at 4.3
Aerated Lagoons at 8.0
Facultative Lagoon at 6.5
Mechanical Treatment 8.1
Other at 5.0
Municipal Type Agreement (MTA) at 3.0.

There are two key drivers of this risk component:

the receiving environment
the extent to which the receiver is required for other human uses, such as fishing, recreation or drinking water.

3.4.5 Component Risk - Wastewater: Design

The risk associated with the design has a mean score of 4.7. The design component risk has the lowest mean component score.

There are several key drivers of the design component risk scores in the region, including:

failure to meet federal Effluent Quality Guidelines
inappropriate treatment process
problems with system reliability
no design flexibility
system at or near capacity
inappropriate waste management
system identified as a dangerous workplace.

3.4.6 Component Risk - Wastewater: Operation

The risk associated with the operation has a mean score of 7.4. All of the wastewater systems have a medium- or high-risk score. As a result, operation is identified as an area of opportunity for increased risk-mitigation efforts.

There are several key drivers of the operation risk in the region, including:

failure to meet federal Effluent Guidelines
inadequate maintenance logs
general maintenance not being performed adequately
Emergency Response Plans not in place or not being used
Operation & Maintenance manuals not available or not in use.

**Figure 3.18 - Operation Risk Drivers**

This graph identifies the frequency of the main risk drivers that contribute to the operation risk for wastewater systems in First Nations communities in Ontario.

There are five key risk drivers:

Failure to Meet Federal Effluent Quality Guidelines Due to Operations;
Inadequate Maintenance Logs;
Maintenance Not Adequately Performed;
Emergency Response Plan Not Available or Not in Place; and
Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Manual Not Available or Not in Use.

23 percent of the wastewater systems in First Nations communities in Ontario failed to meet federal effluent quality guidelines due to the operations.
66 percent of the wastewater systems in First Nations communities in Ontario have inadequate maintenance logs.
Maintenance is not being adequately performed for 49 percent of the wastewater systems in First Nations communities in Ontario.
An Emergency Response Plan is not available or not in use for 94 percent of the wastewater systems in First Nations communities in Ontario.
An Operation and Maintenance (O & M) manual is not available or not in use for 81 percent of the wastewater systems in First Nations communities in Ontario.

3.4.7 Component Risk - Wastewater: Reporting

The risk associated with reporting has a mean score of 7.1. The reporting risk component assesses whether operators maintain effluent-testing and system-monitoring records. Poor record keeping is a significant factor in raising the overall risk ranking for many communities in this region.

There are several key drivers of the reporting risk in the region, including:

inconsistent record keeping
poor records for key parameters.

**Figure 3.19 - Reporting Risk Drivers**

3.4.8 Component Risk - Wastewater: Operator

The risk associated with the operator has a mean score of 5.1. Operator risk is determined by whether or not the operators have adequate certification.

The extent to which existing wastewater systems have fully certified primary and backup operators is presented in Table 3.6. Of the 71 systems which require a certified operator for the wastewater treatment system, 75% did not have a fully certified primary operator and 93% did not have a fully certified backup operator. Of the 71 systems which require a certified operator for the collection system, 73% did not have a fully certified primary operator and 93% did not have a fully certified backup operator.

**Table 3.6 - Wastewater: Operator Status for Ontario Region**
	Primary Operator		Backup Operator
	Treatment	Collection	Treatment	Collection
No. of Systems Currently Without an Operator	10	9	21	21
No. of Systems with Operator with No Certification	37	38	43	43
No. of Systems with Operator Certified but not to the Required Level of the System	6	5	2	2
No. of Systems with Operator with Adequate Certification	18	19	5	5
No. of Systems Not Requiring Operators with Certification	6	6	6	6
Total No. of Systems	77	77	77	77

Those factors which frequently contribute to increased wastewater operator risk are identified in Figure 3.20. A lack of certification, lack of training and the lack of primary or backup operator are common drivers that increase operator risk.

3.5 Plans

Information was collected regarding the availability of various documents, including Source Water Protection Plans (SWPP), Maintenance Management Plans (MMP), and Emergency Response Plans (ERP).

The following tables provide a summary of the percentages of First Nations that have plans in place:

**Table 3.7 - Plans Summary: Water**
Source	Percentage of Water Systems that have a (an)...
Source	Source Water Protection Plan	Maintenance Management Plan	Emergency Response Plan
Groundwater	23%	33%	21%
Groundwater GUDI	8%	23%	46%
MTA	N/A	17%	42%
Surface Water	6%	21%	21%
Overall	11%	24%	25%

**Table 3.8 - Plans Summary: Wastewater**
Percentage of Wastewater Systems that have a (an)…
Maintenance Management Plan	Emergency Response Plan
8%	6%

3.5.1 Source Water Protection Plans

Source water protection planning is one component of a multi-barrier approach to providing safe drinking water. Source Water Protection Plans seek to identify threats to the water source. They also establish policies and practices to prevent contamination of the water source and to ensure that the water service provider is equipped to take corrective action in the event of water contamination. Source water protection is appropriate for groundwater and surface water sources.

Only 11% of the systems reported that they had completed a Source Water Protection Plan.

3.5.2 Maintenance Management Plans

Maintenance Management Plans are intended to improve the effectiveness of maintenance activities. They focus on planning, scheduling and documenting preventative maintenance activities, and they document unscheduled maintenance efforts. The plans represent a change from reactive to proactive thinking, and—when executed properly—they optimize maintenance spending, minimize service disruption, and extend asset life.

Only 24% water systems and 8% wastewater systems indicated that they had completed a Maintenance Management Plan.

3.5.3 Emergency Response Plans

Emergency Response Plans (ERPs) are intended to be a quick reference to assist operators and other stakeholders in managing and in responding to emergency situations. Emergency Response Plans should be in place for both water and wastewater systems. They include key contact information for those who should be notified and who may be of assistance in case of emergency (agencies, contractors, suppliers, etc.), and they provide standard communication and response protocols. Emergency Response Plans identify recommended corrective actions for "foreseeable" emergencies, and they establish methodologies for addressing unforeseen situations. They are essentially the last potential "barrier" in a multi-barrier approach to protecting the drinking water supply and the natural environment, and they provide the last opportunity to mitigate damages.

Only 25% of the water systems and 6% of the wastewater systems have an Emergency Response Plan in place.

4.0 Cost Analysis

4.1 Upgrade to Meet INAC's Protocol: Water

In 2006, INAC began to develop a series of Protocol documents for centralised and decentralised water and wastewater systems in First Nations communities. The Protocols contain standards for the design, construction, operation, maintenance, and monitoring of these systems.

One of the objectives of this study was to review the existing water and wastewater infrastructure, and to identify the potential upgrade costs to meet INAC's Protocols, and federal and provincial guidelines, standards and regulations. The total estimated construction cost for water system upgrades to meet the INAC Protocol is $228 million.

Table 4.1 provides a breakdown of the estimated total construction costs. A separate line item is included for engineering and contigency. Figure 4.1 provides a comparison graph of each of the categories. Note that Treatment and Storage & Pumping comprise 62% of the estimated costs.

**Table 4.1 - Estimated Total Construction Costs: Water**
Description	Protocol - Estimated Cost	Federal - Estimated Cost	Provincial - Estimated Cost
Building	$14,121,700	$1,514,500	$8,842,800
Distribution	$6,065,000	$1,066,000	$2,160,000
Equipment	$2,370,600	$2,300,500	$2,301,800
Additional Fire Pumps	$2,231,000	$140,000	$2,181,000
Monitoring Equipment	$2,047,200	$1,695,700	$2,047,200
Source	$5,826,350	$1,191,800	$5,790,850
Storage & Pumping	$32,985,500	$32,036,500	$32,876,500
Treatment	$109,353,600	$94,187,110	$102,798,110
Standby Power	$7,423,000	$490,000	$7,423,000
Engineering & Contingencies	$45,687,500	$33,744,050	$41,686,500
Construction Total Estimate	$228,111,450	$168,366,160	$208,107,760

There are 27 water systems that may have groundwater-under-the-direct-influence-ofsurface-water (GUDI) water supplies. Upgrade costs for these systems are estimated assuming that they will prove to be secure groundwater supplies and recommendations for GUDI studies are identified to confirm this.

If the GUDI studies indicate that these supplies should be considered to be surface water rather than groundwater, then additional upgrade requirements will be necessary for these systems to meet INAC's Protocols. It is estimated that, depending on system capacity and site indices, an additional $1.0 to 2.5 million will be required for each system that needs to be upgraded to surface-water treatment.

Figure 4.1 - Breakdown of the Estimated Construction Costs to Meet Indian and Northern Affairs Canada INAC's Protocol: Water ($ - M) — **Figure 4.1 - Breakdown of the Estimated Construction Costs to Meet INAC's Protocol: Water ($ - M)**

Treatment and Storage and Pumping comprise two of the major construction-cost categories.

Treatment costs include:

Providing spare chemical feed equipment.
Providing spare disinfection equipment.
Providing secondary containment for treatment chemicals.
Providing additional filter trains to meet Protocol.
Providing treatment to meet Protocol.
Providing secondary disinfection.
Providing contact piping.
Providing surge suppression/uninterruptible power supplies for critical electronic equipment.
Upgrading capacity of existing water treatment plant.

Storage & Pumping costs include:

Expanding storage for chlorine contact and/or fire protection and domestic flows.
Providing screened reservoir vents.
Providing secondary containment liners for onsite fuel storage.
Retrofitting existing reservoirs to include baffling (concrete and/or curtain).
Providing additional raw water pumping capacity.
Providing additional highlift pumping capacity.
Providing backwash pump.
Upgrading fire pump systems.

**Table 4.2 - Estimated Total Non- Construction Costs: Water**
Description	Protocol - Estimated Cost	Federal - Estimated Cost	Provincial - Estimated Cost
Training	$1,740,000	$1,740,000	$1,740,000
GUDI Studies	$1,456,000	$0	$1,456,000
Plans/Documentation	$8,824,000	$6,739,000	$8,804,000
Studies	$1,558,000	$980,000	$1,455,000
Non-Construction Total Estimate	$13,578,000	$9,459,000	$13,455,000

Additional annual operations and maintenance costs, shown in Table 4.3, include costs that occur annually for items that are not currently being completed to meet protocols, such as calibrating monitoring equipment, additional sampling, cleaning the reservoir, and backup operator's salary.

**Table 4.3 - Estimated Additional Annual Operation & Maintenance Costs: Water**
Description	Estimated Cost
Sampling	$2,503,550
Operations	$562,500
Operator	$970,000
Water O&M Total Estimated Cost	$4,036,050

The total estimated cost, including construction and non-construction costs, for water system upgrades to meet the INAC Protocol is $242 million. This excludes costs associated with potentially GUDI systems, which prove to be GUDI systems as discussed previously.

4.2 Upgrade to Meet Protocol: Wastewater

The total estimated construction cost for wastewater system upgrades to meet INAC Protocol is $64 million. Below is a list of specific needs of the systems, the number of systems impacted by upgrades,and the total cost of each need.

Upgrading treatment and providing standby power will account for over 68% of the cost of meeting INAC Protocol. Providing standby power is a widespread necessity, but the upgrades cost less than upgrading treatment.

**Table 4.4 - Estimated Total Construction and Related Costs: Wastewater**
Description	Protocol - Estimated Cost	Federal - Estimated Cost	Provincial - Estimated Cost
Building	$1,743,000	$185,000	$1,358,000
Collection System	$1,835,500	$1,792,500	$1,821,500
Equipment	$1,232,000	$1,227,000	$1,227,000
Monitoring Equipment	$1,208,000	$165,500	$1,189,000
Pumping Stations	$1,663,000	$1,533,000	$1,663,000
Treatment	$31,713,500	$31,058,000	$31,333,500
Standby Power	$11,582,000	$11,455,000	$11,880,500
Engineering & Contingencies	$12,752,150	$11,849,450	$12,620,350
Construction Total Estimate	$63,729,150	$59,265,450	$63,092,850

**Figure 4.2 - Breakdown of the Estimated Construction Costs to Meet Protocol: Wastewater ($ - M)**

Treatment and Standby Power comprise two of the major construction-cost categories.

Treatment costs include:

General upgrades to existing infrastructure.
Expanding existing system to meet current capacity.
Providing redundant chemical feed equipment.
Providing additional sewage pumps.
Providing fence for security.
Providing treatment for sludge wastes.
Providing disinfection (UV or chlorine).

Standby Power costs include:

Providing standby power for sewage pumping stations.
Providing standby power for sewage treatment plant.

**Table 4.5 - Estimated Total Non-Construction and Related Costs: Wastewater**
Description	Protocol - Estimated Cost	Federal - Estimated Cost	Provincial - Estimated Cost
Training	$745,000	$745,000	$745,000
Plans/Documentation	$2,412,500	$1,559,500	$2,382,500
Studies	$90,000	$70,000	$70,000
Non-Construction Total Estimate	$3,247,500	$2,374,500	$3,197,500

Additional annual operations and maintenance costs, as shown in Table 4.6, include costs that occur annually, for items that are not currently being completed to meet protocols, such as calibrating monitoring equipment, additional sampling, and backup operator's salary.

**Table 4.6 - Estimated Additional Annual Operation & Maintenance Costs: Wastewater**
Description	Estimated Cost
Sampling	$316,400
Operations	$204,000
Operator	$935,000
Wastewater O&M Total Estimated Cost	$1,455,400

The total estimated cost, including construction and non-construction costs, for wastewater system upgrades is $67 million.

4.3 Upgrade Cost Summary

Table 4.7 provides a summary of the upgrade costs for systems to meet INAC's Protocol, and federal and provincial guidelines and standards.

**Table 4.7 - Summary and Comparison of Upgrade Costs**
	Total Estimated Cost
	Water	Wastewater
Upgrade to meet Protocol	$241,689,450	$66,976,650
Upgrade to meet Federal Guidelines	$177,825,160	$61,639,950
Upgrade to meet Provincial Guidelines	$221,562,760	$66,290,350

The following tables present a breakdown of the estimated upgrade costs to meet INAC Protocols by overall risk level.

**Table 4.8 - Breakdown of Protocol Estimated Costs by Risk Level: Water**
Risk Level	Short Term	Long Term	Total
High	$130,350,702	$0	$130,350,702
Medium	$99,987,349	$12,331	$99,999,680
Low	$11,289,744	$49,324	$11,339,068
Total	$241,627,795	$61,655	$241,689,450

**Table 4.9 - Breakdown of Protocol Estimated Costs by Risk Level: Wastewater**
Risk Level	Short Term	Long Term	Total
High	$28,969,135	$80,286	$29,049,421
Medium	$35,413,034	$0	$35,413,034
Low	$2,514,195	$0	$2,514,195
Total	$66,896,364	$80,286	$66,976,650

4.4 Asset Condition and Reporting System Needs

Asset Condition and Reporting System (ACRS) inspections were completed for all water- and wastewater-related assets. The following table summarizes the ACRS needs identified. For the purposes of this assessment, ACRS needs were limited to required repairs of existing facilities, and did not include any upgrade costs, in order to avoid duplication with the Upgrade to Protocol needs identified. The following two tables (Tables 4.10 and 4.11) provide a summary of the O&M repairs required broken down by asset for both water and wastewater, respectively.

**Table 4.10 - Asset Condition and Reporting System Identified Operation & Maintenance Costs: Water**
Asset Code	Description	Estimated Cost
A5A	Buildings	$636,750
B1B	Watermains	$1,058,100
B1C/B1D	Treatment	$2,336,950
B1E	Reservoirs	$212,770
B1G	Standpipe/Truckfill	$18,000
B1F	Community Wells	$205,600
B1I	Low Lift Pumping	$789,400
B1H	High Lift Pumping	$251,650
E4A	Trucks	$59,000
B1Z	Other	$28,750
	Water ACRS Total Estimated Cost	$5,596,970

**Table 4.11 - Asset Condition and Reporting System Identified Operation & Maintenance Costs: Wastewater**
Asset Code	Description	Estimated Cost
A5B	Buildings	$101,075
B2A	Sewers	$1,091,600
B2H/B2J	Lift Stations & Forcemains	$1,071,310
B2C/B2D	Treatment	$921,850
B2E/B2I	Lagoons	$1,530,550
B2F	Septic Systems	$6,700
E3A	Trucks	$10,200
	Wastewater ACRS Total Estimated Cost	$4,733,285

4.5 Community Servicing

An analysis was completed to evaluate future servicing alternatives for a 10-year design period. The analysis considers a variety of alternatives, including expanding existing systems, developing new systems, establishing local Municipal Type Agreements (if applicable), and using individual systems.

A theoretical operation and maintenance cost has been developed for each alternative, along with a 30-year life-cycle cost. The cost of the upgrades that are necessary for systems to meet INAC Protocol is included in the new servicing cost, if appropriate (i.e. for new servicing alternatives that include continued use of the existing system).

A summary of the capital cost along with the estimated total O&M cost for the recommended servicing alternatives is shown below.

**Table 4.12 - Future Servicing Costs**
	Total Estimated Cost		Cost Per Connection
	Water	Wastewater	Water	Wastewater
Future Servicing Cost	$700,000,000	$440,000,000	$21,800	$13,600
Annual O&M to service future growth	$51,100,000	$42,200,000	$1,600	$1,300

The majority of communities in the Ontario region are at least partially serviced by a piped water system, and slightly more than half are at least partially serviced by a piped collection system.

The evaluation of future servicing included continuing to service the existing population with the same level of service that was currently in place and then evaluating the options for providing service to the future 10 year growth for the community. Existing servicing includes piped, trucked and individual servicing. In some cases, where future servicing resulted in the ability to provide a higher level of service to some or all of the existing homes this was also considered in the overall servicing strategy.

Predominantly, it was found that the life cycle costs for extending piped water and wastewater servicing for the future growth was the most cost effective solution. This assumes that future homes would be constructed in a compact subdivision type setting adjacent to the existing serviced area. This however will need to be confirmed through detailed studies for each community. It is realized that some residents may choose to continue to build homes in outlying areas where individual wells or truck haul servicing may be more appropriate.

5.0 Regional Summary

All but one of the 121 First Nations with water/wastewater assets in the Ontario Region were visited during the completion of this project. Of the 120 First Nations visited, 103 are serviced by community water systems, 12 are serviced by Municipal Type Agreements with neighbouring municipalities, and 5 are serviced by individual water systems. Surface water community systems are the most common (59%). All but two of the community systems include piped distribution for at least part of the community, and 69% of the overall homes are provided with piped service.

There are a total of 77 wastewater systems serving 67 First Nations. The remaining 54 First Nations are serviced solely by individual wastewater systems. 6 out of the 77 community wastewater systems are serviced by Municipal Type Agreements with neighbouring municipalities. Lagoons are the most common (49%) wastewater system. Regionally, 35% of the homes have piped collection and 57% of the homes are serviced by individual septics.

There are 72 water systems and 28 wastewater systems in the Ontario region identified as high-risk systems. While there are multiple factors contributing to risk, design and operational concerns are given the most weight, particularly when the concern is related to the protection of public health or the environment. The high risk systems in the region typically require system upgrades or improved operational procedures to meet the guidelines for treated water quality or sewage effluent quality.

The total estimated construction cost to bring the region into compliance with INAC's Protocol for Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities is $228 million. An additional $13.6 million is required to address non-construction costs. This estimate excludes the costs associated with upgrading sites that may prove to have groundwater under the direct influence of surface-water (GUDI) sources.

The total estimated construction cost to bring the region into compliance with INAC's Protocol for Wastewater Treatment and Disposal in First Nations Communities is $63.7 million. An additional $3.2 million is required to address non-construction costs.

In Ontario, since the Walkerton Incident in May 2000, there have been sweeping regulatory changes that affect the design, approval and operation of provincial water systems. All municipal systems have a legislated minimum level of treatment. Similarly, the Ontario Ministry of Environment Design Guidelines and INAC Protocol include increased focus on the redundancy of equipment to ensure the necessary processes are in place. According to the Ontario Ministry of the Environment's Design Guidelines for Drinking Water Systems,

"The design of water treatment plants should be based on the premise that failure of any single component must not prevent the drinking-water system from satisfying all applicable regulatory requirements and other site specific treated water quality and quantity criteria, while operating at design flows."

Very few First Nation systems in Ontario have been designed to this level of redundancy. A number of First Nation systems have received disinfection upgrades, including the addition of chlorination systems equipped with auto-switchover and alarm capabilities. In many instances, however, this equipment was not fully functional at the time of the site visits.

Based on the data collected, a significant area to reduce risk would be to ensure that all systems are operated and maintained by trained/certified operators and that monitoring and record keeping is completed in accordance with the INAC's Protocol.

There are a significant number of surface water treatment systems in the province that require operators with higher certification levels. A number of remote (winter road only) northern communities have surface water treatment plants. The remote nature of these communities makes it more difficult for the operators to obtain the required training and to maintain appropriate supplies on hand. A number of these facilities operate under the Safe Water Operations Program (SWOP), with direct third-party oversight, which generally results in improved operations and record keeping.

The Province of Ontario has recently introduced changes in the system and operator classification. As such, operators with existing certifications may no longer be fully consistent with these changes. In addition, Ontario has introduced the concept of Overall Responsible Operator and Operator in Charge, and now requires operating authorities to be accredited, a process which includes the preparation of financial plans and the development of drinking water quality management plans.

Another area that INAC, Health Canada and Band Councils need to address is the lack of planning tools, including Source Water Protection Plans (SWPPs), Operation & Maintenance (O & M) Manuals, and to a much lesser extent Emergency Response Plans (ERPs).

The comments received from individual First Nations voice a general feeling among the First Nation communities that current Operation & Maintenance budgets are often insufficient to retain operators, to provide ongoing component replacement, and to perform all of the monitoring and recording requirements. Many site inspectors saw missing equipment or equipment in disrepair and were informed that repairs have not been completed because of a lack of funding.

Wastewater sampling prior to effluent discharge appears to be another area that INAC, Health Canada and Band Councils could address in order to reduce the overall risk significantly. Sampling, testing and recording the effluent quality and volumes prior to and during discharge would reduce the reporting risk for these systems.

Appendix A - Glossary of Terms and Acronyms

Aeration (see also lagoon): The process of bringing air into contact with a liquid (typically water), usually by bubbling air through the liquid, spraying the liquid into the air, allowing the liquid to cascade down a waterfall, or by mechanical agitation. Aeration serves to (1) strip dissolved gases from solution, and/or (2) oxygenate the liquid. (Gowen Environmental)

Aesthetic Objective (AO): Aesthetic objectives are set for drinking water quality parameters such as colour or odour, where exceeding the objective may make the water less pleasant, but not unsafe. (INAC Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater)

Ammonia (See also: Potable water; Effluent quality requirements): A pungent colorless gaseous alkaline compound of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH₃) that is very soluble in water and can easily be condensed to a liquid by cold and pressure (Merriam-Webster). Ammonia is used in several areas of water and wastewater treatment, such as pH control. It is also used in conjunction with chlorine to produce potable water. The existence of ammonia in wastewater is common in industrial sectors as a by-product of cleaning agents. This chemical impacts both human and environmental conditions. Treatment of ammonia can be completed in lagoon systems and mechanical plants. (R.M. Technologies)

Arsenic: A metallic element that forms a number of compounds. It is found in nature at low levels, mostly in compounds with oxygen, chlorine, and sulphur; these are called inorganic arsenic compounds. Organic arsenic in plants and animals combines with carbon and hydrogen. Inorganic arsenic is a human poison. Organic arsenic is less harmful. High levels of inorganic arsenic in food or water can be fatal. (Medicinenet.com)

Aquifer (confined): A layer of soil or rock below the land surface that is saturated with water. There are layers of impermeable material both above and below it, and it is under pressure so that when the aquifer is penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top of the aquifer. (INAC Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems)

Aquifer (unconfined): An unconfined aquifer is one whose upper water surface (water table) is at atmospheric pressure, and thus is able to rise and fall. (INAC Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems)

As-built/record drawings: Revised set of drawing submitted by a contractor upon completion of a project or a particular job. They reflect all changes made in the specifications and working drawings during the construction process, and show the exact dimensions, geometry, and location of all elements of the work completed under the contract. Also called as-built drawings or just as-builts.

ACRS Inspection (Asset Condition Reporting System Inspection): For centralised water and wastewater systems, an ACRS (asset condition reporting system) inspection of the system is to be performed once every three (3) years by a qualified person (consulting engineer, Tribal Council engineer), who is not from the First Nation involved, to assess the condition of the asset, adequacy of maintenance efforts, and need for additional maintenance work. The ACRS inspection report will be discussed with, and submitted to, the First Nation council and the INAC regional office. Inspections will be conducted in accordance with the ACRS Manual, a copy of which can be obtained from the INAC regional office.

Bacteria (plural) bacterium (singular): Microscopic living organisms usually consisting of a single cell. Bacteria can aid in pollution control by consuming or breaking down organic matter in sewage and/or other water pollutants. Some bacteria may also cause human, animal, and plant health problems. Bacteria are predominantly found in the intestines and feces of humans and animals. The presence of coliform bacteria in water indicates the contamination of water by raw or partially treated sewage. (INAC Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems)

Baffle (concrete and/or curtain): Vertical/horizontal impermeable barriers in a pond or reservoir. Baffles direct the flow of water into the longest possible path through the reservoir in order to eliminate short-circuiting in the water treatment system. In potable water treatment, short-circuiting can reduce the effectiveness of disinfectants. In effluent treatment, short-circuiting may result in an increase of pollutants at the outlet. Shortcircuiting occurs when water flows directly from the inlet to the outlet across a pond or reservoir. (Layfield)

BOD₅ (Biochemical Oxygen Demand): The most widely used parameter of organic pollution applied to both wastewater and surface water is the 5-day BOD (BOD₅). This determination involves the measurement of the dissolved oxygen used by microorganisms in the biochemical oxidation of organic matter. BOD test results are used to: determine the approximate quantity of oxygen that will be required to biologically stabilize the organic matter present; to determine the size of waste treatment facilities; to measure the efficiency of some treatment processes; and to determine compliance with wastewater discharge permits. (Metcalf & Eddy)

Capacity (actual vs. design): Refers to the capacity of the treatment system, with the "design capacity" being the flow rate proposed by the designer or manufacturer. If the system is not operating to design levels, the "actual capacity" could be limited by failing pumps, clogged filters or not meeting the Protocol (i.e. Protocol requires two filter trains such that one could operate while another is being cleaned/repaired and this was previously not explicitly required; therefore, the actual capacity is half of the design capacity).

Chemical feed equipment: All equipment associated with introducing chemicals to the raw water as part of the treatment process including coagulants, coagulant aids, disinfectants, etc.

Chlorine: A disinfectant used in either gas or liquid from gas that is added to water to protect the consumer from bacteria and other micro-organisms. It is widely used because it is inexpensive and easily injected into water. Because of its concentration, a gallon can treat a large amount of water. However, chlorine use does have drawbacks: when chlorine is used as a disinfectant it combines with naturally occurring decaying organic matter to form Trihalomethanes (THMs). (Vital Life Systems)

Chlorination: The application of chlorine to water, sewage or industrial wastes for disinfection (reduction of pathogens) or to oxidize undesirable compounds. (City of Toronto)

Chlorine Residual: The chlorine level in potable water immediately after it has been treated. (Ontario Ministry of the Environment)

Circuit Rider (see also Circuit Rider Training Program): Under the department's Circuit Rider Trainer Program (CRTP) INAC provides funds to engage circuit riders (third party water and wastewater system experts who provide water and wastewater system operators with on-site, mentoring, training, and emergency assistance). The third-party service providers that provide circuit rider services also provide operators with a 24/7 emergency hotline. (INAC Protocol for Centralised Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities)

Circuit Rider Training Program: The main vehicle by which most First Nations operators receive the required training to operate their systems. This program provides qualified experts who rotate through a circuit of communities, providing hands-on training for the operators on their own system. Circuit rider trainers also help the First Nations with minor troubles and issues of operation and maintenance of their systems. (INAC Plan of Action)

Cistern: A tank for storing potable water or other liquids, usually placed above the ground. (Bow River Basin Council, cited in Alberta Environment Glossary)

Class "D" Cost Estimates: A preliminary estimate, for each community visited, based on available site information, which indicates the approximate magnitude (+/- 40%) of the cost of the actions recommended in the report, and which may be used in developing long-term capital plans and for a preliminary discussion of proposed capital projects.

Collection piping: Sanitary sewer collecting wastewater from individual buildings and homes, for treatment and disposal at a public facility.

Component risk / component risk factors: The overall risk is determined by five component risks: water source/effluent, design, operation, reporting, and operator.

Community Health Representatives (CHRs): Health Canada's local health representatives. They undertake bacteriological and chlorine residual sampling of distributed water within most First Nation communities.

Contact piping: Dedicated watermain to provide chlorine contact time before potable water is distributed to the first user.

Containment liners (for on-site fuel storage): A form of secondary containment used for diesel driven generators or fire pumps.

Continuous discharge to a receiving body: The release of treated wastewater effluent to a lake, river, stream, etc. where the rate of release is continuous (i.e. not batch discharge).

Conventional Wastewater Treatment: Consists of preliminary processes, primary settling to remove heavy solids and floatable materials, secondary biological aeration to metabolize and flocculate colloidal and dissolved organics, and secondary settling to remove additional solids. Tertiary treatment such as disinfection or filtration to further treat the wastewater depending on the level of treatment required for discharge. Waste sludge drawn from these operations is thickened and processed for ultimate disposal, usually either land application or landfilling. Preliminary treatment processes include coarse screening, medium screening, shredding of solids, flow measuring, pumping, grit removal, and pre-aeration. Chlorination of raw wastewater sometimes is used for odor control and to improve settling characteristics of the solids.

Conventional Water Treatment: Consists of a combination of coagulation (adding chemicals called coagulants), flocculation (particles binding together with coagulants) and sedimentation (settling of particles) to remove a large amount of organic compounds and suspended particles, filtration (water passing through porous media) to remove bacteria protozoa and viruses (slow sand filtration) or suspended particles (rapid sand filtration), and disinfection to ensure all the bacteria protozoa and viruses are removed, and provide safe drinking water.

Cross connections: A cross connection is a link between a possible source of pollution and a potable water supply. A pollutant may enter the potable water system when a) the pressure of the pollution source exceeds the pressure of the potable water source or b) when a sudden loss of pressure occurs in the water system and "backflow" occurs. The flow through a water treatment plant should have no instances of treated water coming into contact with raw or wastewater. Backflow preventers should be tested regularly and any actual physical links should be removed.

Decentralized System: A group or groups of communal (as opposed to private) on-site water or wastewater systems. (INAC Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems)

Dedicated transmission main: A length of watermain which has no service connections or hydrants; can refer to the length of raw watermain from a raw water source to the water treatment plant or in the distribution system where there are larger distances between homes.

Discharge Frequency: The frequency in which treated wastewater is discharged; could be continuous, seasonal, annual, etc.

Discharge quality data: Data acquired through the completion of a laboratory analysis of treated wastewater effluent prior to obtaining permission to discharge. Relevant parameters for testing include: 5 day Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Suspended Solids, Fecal Coliforms, pH, Phenols, Oils & Greases, Phosphorus and Temperature.

Disinfectant: A disinfectant is a chemical (commonly chlorine, chloramines, or ozone) or physical process (e.g., ultraviolet light) that inactivates or kills microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. (INAC Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems)

Disinfection: A process that has as its objective destroying or inactivating pathogenic micro-organisms in water. (Government of Alberta, Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, cited in Alberta Environment Glossary)

Disinfection By-products: Disinfection by-products are chemical, organic and inorganic substances that can form during a reaction of a disinfectant with naturally present organic or anthropogenic matter in the water. (Lenntech)

Distribution Classification > piped / trucked: Refers to the classification of the delivery of potable water leaving the water treatment plant. This can be either piped (via watermain) or trucked (via truck delivery to individual homes/cisterns). The level of classification involves the number of house connections (population served).

Domestic flows: All demands in the water system excluding fire flows.

Drinking Water: Water of sufficiently high quality that can be consumed or used without risk of immediate or long term harm.

Drinking Water Advisory (DWA): Drinking Water Advisories (DWAs) are preventive measures that are regularly issued in municipalities and communities across Canada; they protect public health from waterborne contaminants that can be present in drinking water. A DWA can be issued in any community and may include boil water advisories, do not consume advisories and do not use advisories. (INAC "Fact Sheet")

Effluent: 1. The liquid waste of municipalities/communities, industries, or agricultural operations. Usually the term refers to a treated liquid released from a wastewater treatment process. (Bow River) 2. The discharge from any on-site sewage treatment component. (Alberta Municipal Affairs; cited in Alberta Environment Glossary)

Effluent quality data: Any test results or monitoring data that describes the condition of treated wastewater effluent.

Effluent Quality Requirements: All effluents from wastewater systems in Canada must comply with all applicable federal legislation including the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 and the Fisheries Act, as well as any other applicable legislation, including provincial, depending on the geographical location of the system. In addition, all discharges from First Nations wastewater systems shall meet the quality requirements found in the Guidelines for Effluent Quality and Wastewater Treatment at Federal Establishments - EPS 1-EC-76-1 (1976 Guidelines).

For the purposes of determining effluent quality related to ammonia and chlorine, the Notice Requiring the Preparation and Implementation of Pollution Prevention Plans for Inorganic Chloramines and Chlorinated Wastewater Effluents and the Guideline for the Release of Ammonia Dissolved in Water Found in Wastewater Effluents contain additional and/or updated information to the requirements provided in the 1976 Guidelines.

A copy of the Guideline for the Release of Ammonia Dissolved in Water Found in Wastewater Effluents can be found at Environment Canada's website. (INAC Protocol for Centralised Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities)

Effluent Receiver (also referred to as the receiving body; the receiving environment; the receiver) (see also Effluent and Component risks): The environment that receives treated wastewater, including lakes, rivers, wetlands, sub-surfaces, title fields, open marines, and enclosed bays. It may also refer to a community's method for dealing with wastewater (e.g. Municipal Type Agreements or evaporation).

Elevated Storage: A water tower, which is a reservoir or storage tank mounted on a tower-like structure at the summit of an area of high ground in a place where the water pressure would otherwise be inadequate for distribution at a uniform pressure. (Collins)

Emergency Response Plan (ERP): Emergency response plans for water and wastewater systems are intended to be a quick reference to assist operators and other stakeholders in managing and responding to emergency situations. They include key contact information for persons to be notified and for persons who may be of assistance (e.g. agencies, contractors, suppliers, etc.), as well as standard communication and response protocols. Emergency response plans identify recommended action for "foreseeable" emergencies, and provide methodologies for unforeseen situations.

Facultative Lagoon: The most common type of wastewater treatment lagoon used by small communities and individual households. Facultative lagoons rely on both aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of waste, can be adapted for use in most climates and require no machinery to treat wastewater.

Filter: A device used to remove solids from a mixture or to separate materials. Materials are frequently separated from water using filters. (Edwards Aquifier)

Filter train equipment: Includes all components that form part of the water filtration process from where the raw water enters the filter process to where the filtered water leaves the treatment unit. This does not refer to the disinfection equipment.

Filtration: The mechanical process which removes particulate matter by separating water from solid material, usually by passing it through sand. (Edwards Aquifier)

Fire pump tests: A monthly test for the basic operation and functionality of the fire pump.

Grade Level Storage: A treated water storage reservoir that is constructed at grade, typically with earth mounded on top to provide some frost protection.

GPS: Global Positioning System (GPS) - A navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by computing the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver.

Groundwater: Groundwater is any water that is obtained from a subsurface water-bearing soil unit (called an aquifer). 1) Water that flows or seeps downward and saturates soil or rock, supplying springs and wells. The upper surface of the saturate zone is called the water table. 2) Water stored underground in rock crevices and in the pores of geologic materials that make up the Earth's crust. (INAC, Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems)

Groundwater, confined: Groundwater that is under pressure significantly greater than atmospheric, with its upper limit the bottom of a bed with hydraulic conductivity distinctly lower than that of the material in which the confined water occurs. (INAC, Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems)

Groundwater, unconfined: Water in an aquifer that has a water table that is exposed to the atmosphere. (INAC Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems)

Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI): This term refers to groundwater sources (e.g., wells, springs, infiltration galleries, etc.) where microbial pathogens are able to travel from nearby surface water to the groundwater source. (Government of Nova Scotia)

Guidelines: Guidelines as referred to in this Assessment include all federal and provincial water and wastewater guidelines for domestic potable water and household sanitary waste. These guidelines include the "Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality" and all its recommended health and aesthetic guidelines for water quality.

Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ): Water quality guidelines developed by the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water and have been published by Health Canada since 1968.

Canadian drinking water supplies are generally of excellent quality. However, water in nature is never "pure." It picks up traces of everything it comes into contact with, including minerals, silt, vegetation, fertilizers, and agricultural run-off. While most of these substances are harmless, some may pose a health risk. To address this risk, Health Canada works with the provincial and territorial governments to develop guidelines that set out the maximum acceptable concentrations of these substances in drinking water. These drinking water guidelines are designed to protect the health of the most vulnerable members of society, such as children and the elderly. The guidelines set out the basic parameters that every water system should strive to achieve in order to provide the cleanest, safest and most reliable drinking water possible.

The Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality deal with microbiological, chemical and radiological contaminants. They also address concerns with physical and aesthetic characteristics of water, such as taste and odour. (Health Canada)

Guidelines for Effluent Quality and Wastewater Treatment at Federal Establishments, April 1976: The purpose of these guidelines is to indicate the degree of treatment and effluent quality that will be applicable to all wastewater discharged from existing and proposed Federal installations. Use of these guidelines is intended to promote a consistent wastewater approach towards the cleanup and prevention of water pollution and ensure that the best practicable control technologies used. (Government of Canada)

Highlift Pumping: Refers to pumps installed that provide treated water into the water distribution system at pressure; either directly or via water tower.

Hydrant Flushing(see line flushing and swabbing)

Influent: Water, wastewater, or other liquid flowing into a reservoir, basin or treatment plant. (Gowen)

Lagoon: A shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater. Lagoons are typically used for the storage of wastewaters, sludges, liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel. (Edwards Aquifier)

Lagoon, aerated: See Aeration

Lagoon, facultative: See Facultative Lagoon.

L/c/d: Measurement of daily water usage as Litres per capita, per day.

Level of Service Standards (INAC ): The Level of Service Standards (LOSS), determined on a national basis, are the levels of service that the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND) is prepared to financially support to assist First Nations in providing community services comparable to the levels of service that would generally be available in non-native communities of similar size and circumstances.

The Level of Service Standards provide a description of criteria which will be used to establish the level of funding for safe, cost-effective, domestic water supply and wastewater disposal systems for on-reserve housing units and administrative, operative, institutional and recreational buildings. (INAC "Water and Sewage Systems")

Lift Station (also Pumping Station): A point in the sewer system where the wastewater needs to be pumped (lifted) to a higher elevation so that gravity can be used to bring the wastewater to the treatment plant. (Hailey City Hall Public Works)

Line flushing and swabbing (also referred to as watermain swabbing and flushing): Watermain swabbing entails inserting a soft material shaped like a bullet into the watermain through a fire hydrant. The diameter is slightly larger than the watermain and the bullet (swab) is pushed along the watermain by water pressure. As it passes through the watermain, the swab executes a scouring action on the sediment inside the watermain.

During watermain flushing, high velocity water flowing from hydrants is used to remove loose sediment from watermains. (City of Guelph)

L/p/d: Measurement of daily water usage as Litres per person, per day.

MAC (Maximum acceptable concentration): In the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ), Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MACs) have been established for certain physical, chemical, radiological and microbiological parameters or substances that are known or suspected to cause adverse effects on health. For some parameters, Interim Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (IMACs) are also recommended in the guidelines.

Drinking water that continually has a substance at a greater concentration than the specified MACs will contribute significantly to consumer exposure to the substance and may, in some instances, produce harmful health effects. However, the short-term presence of substances above the MAC levels does not necessarily mean the water constitutes a risk to health. (INAC, National Assessment Summary Report)

Maintenance Management Plan (MMP): Maintenance management plans apply to both water and wastewater systems. They are intended to improve the effectiveness of maintenance activities and are focused on planning, scheduling, and documenting preventative maintenance activities and on documenting unscheduled maintenance.

Manganese: Manganese is a mineral that naturally occurs in rocks and soil and is a normal constituent of the human diet. In some places, it exists in well water as a naturally occurring groundwater mineral, but may also be present due to underground pollution sources. Manganese may become noticeable in tap water at concentrations greater than 0.05 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of water by imparting a colour, odour, or taste to the water. However, health effects from manganese are not a concern until concentrations are approximately 10 times higher. (Conneticut Dept. of Health)

Mechanical Plant/ Mechanical Treatment: Refers to any type of wastewater treatment plant including treatments systems consisting of rotating biological contactors (RBC), sequencing batch reactors (SBR), extended aeration (EA), etc. It does not include natural forms of wastewater treatment like lagoons or septic systems.

Metals Scan (Full): A full metal scan refers to what laboratories call Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis for the evaluation of trace metals in water samples. This test covers a complete scan of over 20 trace metals in a single analysis.

Municipal Type Agreement (MTA): The situation where First Nations are supplied with treated water from or send their wastewater to a nearby municipality, as outlined in a formal agreement between the two parties. The term is also used in this report to describe a system where the First Nation is supplied with treated water or wastewater treatment services by another First Nation or other independent body such as a corporate entity such as a Casino etc.

Multi-Barrier Approach: Approach used to ensure that drinking water is safe. In the past, the term ‘multi-barrier' referred only to the barriers involved in the actual treatment of raw water to provide quality drinking water. This approach has now been expanded to include a number of key elements that are an integral part of a drinking water program to ensure delivery of safe, secure supplies of drinking water. Barriers may be physical (e.g.: filter) or administrative (e.g.: planning) in nature. (Alberta Environment, Glossary & Alberta's Drinking Water Program)

None: Indicates that the treatment and/or distribution/collection system has not been classified.

O & M: Operation and Maintenance.

Operational Plan (OP): An Operational Plan is the primary instrument for communicating the Community's quality management system (QMS) from the public works departments (water and wastewater) to Chief and Council, and from Council to INAC, Health Canada and the community members.

Phosphorus: A non-metallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs widely especially as phosphates (Merriam-Webster). Phosphorus occurs naturally in rocks, soil, animal waste, plant material, and even the atmosphere. In addition to these natural sources, phosphorus comes from human activities such as agriculture, discharge of industrial and municipal waste, and surface water runoff from residential and urban areas. Nutrients held in soil can be dissolved in water and carried off by leaching, tile drainage or surface runoff.

Phosphorus does not pose a direct threat to human health; it is an essential component of all cells and is present in bones and teeth. It does, however, pose an indirect threat to both aesthetics and to human health by affecting source waters used for drinking and recreation. For example, excessive nutrients can promote the growth of algal blooms, which can contribute to a wide range of water quality problems by affecting the potability, taste, odour, and colour of the water. (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment)

Piped Distribution System: A water distribution system which relies on pipes to convey water through pumping or elevated storage to the end user. Different from trucked distribution in that a trucked distribution system delivers water to end users in batch quantities to individual holding tanks (cisterns).

Potable water: Potable water is water that is destined for human consumption. For the purposes of the Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water Systems in First Nations Communities, water destined for human consumption is water that is consumed directly as drinking water, water that is used in cooking, water that is used to wash food, and water that is used for bathing infants (individuals under 1 year in age). (INAC , Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water Systems in First Nations Communities)

PPU: People per unit. Measurement to describe housing density.

Primary Operator: The main operator of a water or wastewater system. The primary operator must be certified to the level of the treatment and distribution/collection system.

Primary Wastewater Treatment: Removal of particulate materials from domestic wastewater, usually done by allowing the solid materials to settle as a result of gravity. Typically, the first major stage of treatment encountered by domestic wastewater as it enters a treatment facility. Primary treatment plants generally remove 25 to 35 percent of the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and 45 to 65 percent of the total suspended matter. Also, any process used for the decomposition, stabilization, or disposal of sludges produced by settling. (North American Lake Management Society; cited in Alberta Environment Glossary)

Protocol for Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities: Standards for design, construction, operation, maintenance, and monitoring of drinking water systems and is intended for use by First Nations staff responsible for water systems. It is also intended for use by Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) staff, Public Works and Government Services Canada (PWGSC) for INAC staff, and all others involved in providing advice or assistance to First Nations in the design, construction, operation, maintenance, and monitoring of their drinking water systems in their communities, in accordance with established federal or provincial standards, whichever are the most stringent.

Any water system that produces drinking water destined for human consumption, that is funded in whole or in part by INAC , and that serves five or more households or a public facility, must comply with the requirements of this protocol. (INAC Protocol)

Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC): A quality management system that focuses on fulfilling quality requirements and providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled.

Reporting Risk: The Reporting risk level is the risk inherent with the operational method of recording data and providing the required reports. This would include both manual and automatic methods of record keeping. The reporting risk ranking is based on the adequacy of the operational records and the number of reports submitted during the year compared to the total number of records and reports required according to the appropriate legislation, standards, and operation procedures of the system in question.

Reservoir: A man-made lake that collects and stores water for future use. During periods of low river flow, reservoirs can release additional flow if water is available. (Government of Alberta, Water for Life, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Reservoir Cleaning: This involves the pump-down, clean-out, removal of settled material, disinfection and refill of a water storage reservoir. This activity requires confined space entry equipment and training.

Retrofit: 1. To furnish with new or modified parts or equipment not available or considered necessary at the time of manufacture; 2. To install (new or modified parts or equipment) in something previously manufactured or constructed; 3. To adapt to a new purpose or need: modify. (Merriam-Webster)

Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC): A technology used to treat wastewater classified as mechanical treatment.

Risk (Management Risk Level/Management Risk Score): Risk is defined in INAC's Management Risk Level Evaluation Guidelines for Water and Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities (Revised 2010). These guidelines follow the Multi-Barrier Approach for water management. This approach, developed by the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Water Quality Task Group, is intended to prevent the presence of water-borne contaminants in drinking water by ensuring effective safeguards are in place at each stage of a drinking water system.

Following that approach, INAC assesses five main components of a system to determine an overall system management risk score:

Source Water (drinking water systems) or Effluent Receiver (wastewater systems)
System Design
Operation and Maintenance
Records and Reporting
Operator Training and Experience

Each of these components is assigned a risk score, which are then weighed to determine the overall management risk score of a system. The resulting score will then result in the management of the system as being classified as either high risk, medium risk, or low risk.

High Risk: Major deficiencies in most of the components. Should a problem arise, the system and management as a whole is unlikely to be able to compensate, thus there is a high probability that any problem could result in unsafe water. Issues should be addressed as soon as possible.

Medium Risk: Minor deficiencies in several components, or major deficiencies in one or two components. Should a problem arise, the system and management can probably compensate for the problem, but the noted deficiencies makes this uncertain, thus there is a medium probability that any problem could result in unsafe water. Issues need to be addressed.

Low Risk: Minor or no deficiencies with the system or management. Should a problem occur, it is likely that the system and management as a whole will be able to compensate and continue to provide safe water while the issue is being resolved.

It is important to distinguish between INAC's system management risk level and drinking water quality. The actual quality of the water produced by a system is but one part of determining the overall system management risk level.

Unsafe drinking water is noted through the implementation of Drinking Water Advisories (DWA), not by the management risk level of the system. DWA come in multiple forms, the most common being the boil water advisory.

A system with a high-risk ranking under INAC's management evaluation is, because of its multiple deficiencies, likely to be unable to cope with problems that may occur in the system that result in a DWA. This means that DWA are likely to occur more frequently and to have a longer-term duration on a high-risk system. On the other hand, while problems can and do occur in low-risk systems, because of better overall risk management, these systems are more likely to address the problem in the short term, resulting in the rapid removal of problems and DWA.

This means that a high-risk drinking system can still produce perfectly safe and potable water. Deficiencies should be addressed as quickly as possible, however, before any issues arise with the water quality. (INAC, Management Risk Level Evaluation Guidelines)

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system: Refers to a control and/or computer system that can monitor, record and control infrastructure, or facility-based processes.

Screened reservoir vents: Reservoir vents should be screened to allow air movement and to prevent vermin from entering.

Seasonal discharge: Discharge of wastewater at times of maximum or substantial stream flow. This may vary from location to location.

Secondary containment for treatment chemicals: Secondary containment is required for the storage of all regulated hazardous materials. Secondary containment must be constructed using materials capable of containing a spill or leak for at least as long as the period between monitoring inspections. A means of providing overfill protection for any primary container may be required. This may be an overfill prevention device and/or an attention getting high level alarm. Materials that in combination may cause a fire or explosion, the production of a flammable, toxic, poisonous gas, or the deterioration of a primary or secondary container will be separated in both the primary and secondary treatment containment so as to avoid intermixing.

Secondary Treatment: involving the biological process of reducing suspended, colloidal, and dissolved organic/inorganic matter in effluent from primary treatment systems and which generally removes 80 to 95 percent of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and suspended matter. Secondary wastewater treatment may be accomplished by biological or chemical-physical methods. Activated sludge and trickling filters are two of the most common means of secondary treatment. (North American Lake Management Society, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Septic tank: A tank used to detain domestic wastes to allow the settling of solids prior to distribution to a leach field for soil absorption. Septic tanks are used when a piped wastewater collection system is not available to carry them to a treatment plant. A settling tank in which settled sludge is in immediate contact with sewage flowing through the tank, and wherein solids are decomposed by anaerobic bacterial action. (INAC Protocol for Centralised Wastewater)

Septic system: A combination of underground pipe(s) and holding tank(s) which are used to hold, decompose, and clean wastewater for subsurface disposal. (Bow River, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR): A treatment technology used to treat wastewater classified as mechanical treatment.

Sewage treatment plant (STP) (also known as Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) or Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP)): Facility designed to treat wastewater (sewage) by removing materials that may damage water quality and threaten public health. (Ontario Ministry of Environment)

Sewage treatment systems: Facility or system designed to treat wastewater (sewage) by removing materials that may damage water quality and threaten public health. (Ontario Ministry of Environment)

Shoot-out: A septic system consisting of a septic tank with untreated wastewater effluent being discharged to the surface; this poses a health risk.

Sludge: The accumulated wet or dry solids that are separated from wastewater during treatment. This includes precipitates resulting from the chemical or biological treatment of wastewater. (Government of Alberta, Activities, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Source Classification: The determination of the water source classification in this assessment includes the options of: surface water, groundwater, GUDI or MTA. Surface water includes water from lakes or rivers; groundwater includes any well water that is not influenced by surface water infiltration; GUDI is any groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water; MTA as a source refers to the community acquiring the treated water from a municipality.

Source risk: The risk inherent in the quality and quantity of the raw source water prior to treatment.

Source Water Protection: 1. The prevention of pollution of the lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams, and groundwater that serve as sources of drinking water. Wellhead protection would be an example of a source water protection approach that protects groundwater sources, whereas management of land around a lake or reservoir used for drinking water would be an example for surface water supplies. Source water protection programs typically include: delineating source water protection areas; identifying sources of contamination; implementing measures to manage these changes; and planning for the future. (North American Lake Management Society, cited in Alberta Glossary)

2. Action taken to control or minimize the potential for introduction of chemicals or contaminants in source waters, including water used as a source of drinking water (Alberta Environment, Standards and Guidelines, cited in Alberta Glossary).

SPS: An abbreviation of the term sewage pumping station.

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs): An SOP is a written document or instruction detailing all steps and activities of a process or procedure. This would include all procedures used in water/wastewater treatment processes that could affect the quality.

Standpipe Storage: An above-grade storage facility where the storage volume is contained within the entirety of the structure. This type of storage is most feasible for use where there is sufficient change in the topography to allow for maximum usable volume in the standpipe.

Storage Type: Refers to whether the community water storage is via grade-level, below-grade or elevated storage (including standpipes and towers). In some cases there is no storage thus the storage type would be considered "direct pump."

Surface water: Surface water is any water that is obtained from sources, such as lakes, rivers, and reservoirs that are open to the atmosphere. (INAC, Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water)

System Designer: A system designer is a person, such as a professional engineer, who is qualified to design a water or wastewater systems. (INAC, Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water)

System Operator: A system operator is a First Nation employee or third party under contract to a First Nation who is tasked with managing a water or wastewater system. (INAC, Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water)

System Manager: A system manager is a First Nation employee or third party under contract to a First Nation who is tasked with managing a water or wastewater system. (INAC, Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water)

Tertiary Treatment: Selected biological, physical, and chemical separation processes to remove organic and inorganic substances that resist conventional treatment practices. Tertiary Treatment processes may consist of flocculation basins, clarifiers, filters, and chlorine basins or ozone or ultraviolet radiation processes. Tertiary techniques may also involve the application of wastewater to land to allow the growth of plants to remove plant nutrients. Can include advanced nutrient removal processes. (North American Lake Management Society, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Trihalomethanes (THMs): Chemical compounds that can be formed when water is disinfected using chlorine or bromine as the chemical disinfection agent. These chemical compounds are formed when organic material present in the raw source water reacts with chlorine or bromine. Therefore, THMs are classified as disinfection by-products (DBPs). The primary source of organic material comes from decaying vegetation found in lakes, rivers and streams and for this reason, THMs are more commonly observed in water systems that use a surface water source. The four chemical compounds that are measured and used to calculate total THMs are: chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane (BDCM) and chlorodibromomethane (CDBM). THMs are a concern in potable water because there is scientific evidence that they may pose a risk in the development of cancer.

Treatment Certification: The treatment level to which an operator is certified for water treatment and distribution and wastewater treatment and collection systems (see Treatment Classification).

Treatment Classification: The size (flow) and complexity of a water or wastewater system is used to determine the Class of a system using a point template. The knowledge and experience it takes to operate a system is closely related to its classification and is reflected in the level of certification of the operator. Systems that are small and relatively simple, are classified as Small Water or Wastewater Systems. Larger or more complex systems are ranked as Class I, II, III, and IV with the highest being Class IV. Systems should be operated under the supervision of an operator certified to at least the same level of the facility.

TSS (Total Suspended Solids): Measure of the amount of non-dissolved solid material present in water or wastewater. Total suspended solids (TSS) can cause:

a) interference with light penetration (in UV applications),
b) build-up of sediment and
c) can carry nutrients and other toxic pollutants that cause algal blooms and potential reduction in aquatic habitat (wastewater).

Underground Storage: A water storage facility (reservoir/clearwell) which is located 100% below-grade. Often located below the water treatment plant.

Waste: Any solid or liquid material, product, or combination of them that is intended to be treated or disposed of or that is intended to be stored and then treated or disposed. This does not include recyclables. (Government of Alberta, Activities Designation Regulation, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Waste management plan: A Waste Management Plan identifies and describes types of waste generated during operations and how they are managed and disposed of.

Wastewater (Industrial Wastewater, Domestic Wastewater): A combination of liquid and water-carried pollutants from homes, businesses, industries, or farms; a mixture of water and dissolved or suspended solids. (North American Lake Management Society, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Wastewater System: an organized process and associated structures for collecting, treating, and disposing of wastewater. For the purposes of this report, it is a system serving five or more houses. It includes any or all of the following:

Sewers and pumping stations that make up a wastewater collection system.
Sewers and pumping stations that transport untreated wastewater from a wastewater collection system to a wastewater treatment plant.
Wastewater treatment plants.
Facilities that provide storage for treated wastewater.
Wastewater sludge treatment and disposal facilities.
Sewers that transport treated wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant to the place where it is disposed of.
Treated wastewater outfall facilities, including the outfall structures to a watercourse or any structures for disposal of treated wastewater to land or to wetlands. (Government of Alberta, Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Wastewater Treatment: Any of the mechanical, chemical or biological processes used to modify the quality of wastewater (sewage) in order to make it more compatible or acceptable to man and his/her environment. (North American Lake Management System, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Wastewater Treatment Plant: Any structure, thing, or process used for the physical, chemical, biological, or radiological treatment of wastewater before it is returned to the environment. The term also includes any structure, thing, or process used for wastewater storage or disposal, or sludge treatment, storage, or disposal. (Government of Alberta, Activities, cited in Alberta Glossary)

Watermain: A principal pipe in a system of pipes for conveying water, especially one installed underground. (American Heritage Dictionary)

Water quality: The term used to describe the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, usually with respect to its suitability for a particular purpose. (INAC, Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water)

Water use: The term water use refers to water that is used for a specific purpose, such as for domestic use, irrigation, or industrial processing. Water use pertains to human interaction with and influence on the hydrolic cycle, and includes elements, such as water withdrawal from surface- and ground-water sources, water delivery to homes and businesses, consumptive use of water, water released from wastewater-treatment plans, water returned to the environment, and in-stream uses, such as using water to produce hydroelectric power. (INAC, Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water)

Water Well: An opening in the ground, whether drilled or altered from its natural state, that is used for the production of groundwater, obtaining data on groundwater, or recharging an underground formation from which groundwater can be recovered. By definition in the provincial Water Act, a water well also includes any related equipment, buildings, and structures. (Government of Alberta, Water for Life, cited in Alberta, Glossary)

Wellhead Protection Area: A protected surface and subsurface zone surrounding a well or well field supplying a public water system to keep contaminants from reaching the well water. (Edwards Aquifier)

Wellhead Protection Plan: A wellhead protection plan defines the wellhead protection area, identifies potential sources of contamination, manages the potential contaminant sources including properly decommissioning abandoned wells, identifies emergency and contingency plans (i.e. what to do if the well becomes contaminated or requires additional capacity) and provides overall public awareness.

References

Alberta Environment. Alberta's Drinking Water Program: A ‘Source to Tap, Multi-barrier' Approach, 2008. Unpublished
Alberta Environment, Partnerships and Strategies Section. Glossary of Terms Related to Water and Watershed Management in Alberta. 1^st Edition. November 2008
Alberta Environment. Standards and Guidelines for Municipal Waterworks, Wastewater and Storm Drainage Systems, 2006
Alberta Municipal Affairs. Alberta Private Sewage Systems Standard of Practice Handbook, 2000
Bow River Basin Council. Guidebook to Water Management: Background Information on Organizations, Policies, Legislation, Programs, and Projects in the Bow River Basin, 2002)
City of Toronto. Biosolids and Residuals Masterplan
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10^th Edition 2009 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009
Connecticut Department of Health, Drinking Water Section. Fact Sheet: Manganese in Drinking Water PDF (257 Kb)
Edwards Aquifier Website: Glossary of Water Resource Terms
Government of Alberta. Activities Designation Regulation, 2003
Government of Alberta. Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act, 2000
Government of Alberta. Water for Life: Alberta's Strategy for Sustainability., 2003

Government of British Columbia, Environmental Protection Division. Glossary of Water Terms. (PDF)
Government of Canada. Guidelines for Effluent Quality and Wastewater Treatment at Federal Establishments, April 1976
Government of Nova Scotia. Government of Nova Scotia. Protocol for Determining Groundwater Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water"
Gowen Environmental Ltd."Contaminated and Hazardous Waste Site Management Glossary I"
Hailey City Hall, Public Works
Health Canada Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines
INAC"Fact Sheet: Water Quality"
Management Risk Level Evaluation Guidelines for Water and Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities. July 14, 2010
National Assessment of Water and Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities Summary Report
Plan of Action for Drinking Water in First Nations Communities - Progress Report January 17, 2008
Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water Systems in First Nations Communities. April 2010
Protocol for Centralised Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities. April 2010
Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities. April 2010
"Water and Sewage Systems."
Layfield Environmental Systems."AquaGuide Floating and Fixed Baffles"
Lenntech Water Treatment Solutions."Disinfection By-Products"
Medicinenet.com. "Definition of Arsenic"
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Ontario Ministry of the Environmentwaterf. Technical Report: Drinking Water System at the Kashechewan First Nation. November 10, 2005
R.M. Technologies. Water Treatment
UNEP (2000) International source book on environmentally sound technologies for wastewater and stormwater management
Vital Life Systems. "Water Treatment Terminology"
Waterwiki

Appendix B - System Summary

Appendix B.1 Water System Summary

Regional Roll-Up Summary: Water

Region: Ontario
Total No. of First Nations: 121
Participating No. of First Nations: 120
Participation Level: 99%
No. of Community Reports Issued: 122

	Groundwater	GUDI	Surface	MTA	Totals
Total No. of Systems	39	13	94	12	158
System Age
0-5 years (2006 - 2010)	6	0	11	1	18
6-10 years (2001 - 2005)	2	1	14	1	18
10-15 years (1996 - 2000)	8	5	42	2	57
15 -20 years (1991 - 1995)	13	4	18	0	35
> 20 years (≤ 1990)	10	3	9	8	30
Treatment
None - Direct Use	3	1	0	0	4
Disinfection only	17	2	8	0	27
Conventional Filtration	19	10	86	0	115
MTA	0	0	0	12	12
Classification - Treatment
Small system	8	0	16	0	24
Level I	23	7	15	0	45
Level II	6	4	52	0	62
Level III	0	1	11	0	12
MTA	0	0	0	12	12
None	2	1	0	0	3
Classification - Distribution
Small system	11	1	11	1	24
Level I	19	8	67	7	101
Level II	7	3	13	1	24
MTA	0	0	0	3	3
None	1	1	3	0	5
Unknown	1	0	0	0	1
Distribution
Piped	39	13	71	9	132
Water Quality
Fails Health
Yes, fails health due to:	20	12	70	3	105
Design	6	4	24	0	34
Operation	11	4	33	1	49
Combination	3	3	12	0	18
Unknown	0	1	1	2	4
Fails Aesthetic
Yes, fails aesthetic due to:	28	12	59	3	102
Design	11	4	25	1	41
Operation	13	4	22	1	40
Combination	3	3	10	0	16
Unknown	1	1	2	1	5
Primary Operator - Treatment
Not certified	13	3	39	0	55
No operator	1	0	2	0	3
Not required	2	1	0	12	15
Certified to Level	23	8	34	0	65
Certified	0	1	19	0	20
Back-up Operator - Treatment
Not certified	14	7	58	0	79
No operator	9	1	7	0	17
Not required	2	1	0	12	15
Certified to Level	10	1	7	0	18
Certified	4	3	22	0	29
Primary Operator - Distribution
Not certified	15	4	51	5	75
No operator	1	0	2	1	4
Not required	1	1	3	3	8
Certified to Level	19	8	32	3	62
Certified	3	0	6	0	9
Back-up Operator - Distribution
Not certified	13	7	63	4	87
No operator	9	1	6	2	18
Not required	1	1	3	3	8
Certified to Level	9	2	19	3	33
Certified	7	2	3	0	12

Risk (mean)	Groundwater	GUDI	Surface	MTA	Mean	Mean excluding MTA
Final	6.3	7.0	6.4	4.1	6.2	6.4
Source	6.2	9.5	8.6	1.9	7.5	8.0
Design	5.3	7.2	5.5	3.2	5.4	5.6
Operations	7.2	7.3	7.0	5.3	6.9	7.1
Reporting	7.7	7.6	6.8	5.9	7.0	7.1
Operator	2.7	2.7	3.4	2.3	3.1	3.2

Appendix B.2 Wastewater System Summary

Regional Roll-Up Summary: Wastewater

Region: Ontario
Total No. of First Nations: 121
Participating No. of First Nations: 120
Participation Level: 99%
No. of Community Reports Issued: 122

System Age
	Septic	Aerated Lagoon	Facultative Lagoon	Mechanical	Other	MTA	Totals
Total No. of Systems	4	1	37	27	2	6	77
0-5 years (2006 - 2010)	1	0	3	1	1	0	6
6-10 years (2001 - 2005)	0	0	7	5	0	0	12
10-15 years (1996 - 2000)	1	0	14	11	1	4	31
15 -20 years (1991 - 1995)	1	0	8	6	0	0	15
> 20 years (≤ 1990)	1	1	5	4	0	2	13
Classification - Treatment
Small System	3	0	1	2	1	0	7
MTA	0	0	0	0	0	6	6
Level I	1	0	36	8	1	0	46
Level II	0	1	0	16	0	0	17
Level III	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
Classification - Collection
Small System	2	0	2	3	0	1	8
Level I	1	1	26	20	1	2	51
Level II	0	0	7	4	0	1	12
MTA	0	0	0	0	0	2	2
None	1	0	2	0	1	0	4
Collection
Piped	4	1	25	19	2	5	56
Low Pressure	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
Trucked	0	0	3	0	0	0	3
Combined	0	0	9	7	0	1	17
Effluent Quality
No data	3	0	25	4	2	5	39
Meets	1	0	9	7	0	1	18
Does not meet	0	1	3	16	0	0	20
Primary Operator - Treatment
Not certified	1	0	23	13	0	0	37
No operator	2	1	5	2	0	0	10
Not required	0	0	0	0	0	6	6
Certified to Level	1	0	9	6	2	0	18
Certified	0	0	0	6	0	0	6
Back-Up Operator - Treatment
Not certified	2	0	20	19	2	0	43
No operator	2	1	13	5	0	0	21
Not required	0	0	0	0	0	6	6
Certified to Level	0	0	4	1	0	0	5
Certified	0	0	0	2	0	0	2
Primary Operator - Collection
Not certified	1	0	22	12	0	3	38
No operator	1	1	5	2	0	0	9
Not required	1	0	2	0	1	2	6
Certified to Level	1	0	5	12	1	0	19
Certified	0	0	3	1	0	1	5
Back-Up Operator - Collection
Not certified	2	0	18	19	1	3	43
No operator	1	1	13	5	0	1	21
Not required	1	0	2	0	1	2	6
Certified to Level	0	0	2	3	0	0	5
Certified	0	0	2	0	0	0	2
Receiver
Large river	0	1	3	4	0	0	8
Creek	0	0	4	4	0	0	8
Lake, reservoir	0	0	11	9	0	0	20
River	0	0	6	6	0	0	12
Wetland	1	0	12	3	0	0	16
Tile field	2	0	1	1	1	0	5
Sub-surface / Ground	1	0	0	0	1	0	2
MTA	0	0	0	0	0	6	6

Risk (mean)	Septic	Aerated Lagoon	Facultative Lagoon	Mechanical	Other	MTA	Mean	Mean excluding MTA
Final	5.4	8.1	6.2	6.5	4.3	4.6	6.1	6.3
Effluent Receiver	4.3	8.0	6.5	8.1	5.0	3.0	6.7	7.0
Design	3.5	6.0	4.8	5.0	3.5	4.0	4.7	4.8
Operations	8.0	8.0	7.7	7.5	5.5	5.7	7.4	7.6
Reporting	4.0	10.0	7.0	7.7	8.0	6.0	7.1	7.2
Operator	6.5	10.0	5.8	4.3	1.0	3.7	5.1	5.2

Appendix C - Site Visit Methodology

Site Visits

Typical Day

Arrive in Community – Lead/Senior Inspector & Technical Support

Meet with Circuit Rider and/or DIAND representative and First Nation/Tribal Council Representatives to undergo introductions and provide a brief synopsis of the activities to be undertaken for the day. This is based on the assumption that the First Nation has been fully briefed by DIAND on the purpose, process and benefits for the First Nation to cooperate and collaborate with the project.
Confirm the various components that the First Nation uses to provide water to the entire community (i.e. number and types of distribution systems, source types, private wells, etc.) to help build assessment form for the community.
Pre-select areas to undertake private system evaluations on community map.
Confirm any missing background data that may be available allowing the First Nation time during the day to have Public Works Director/Supervisor/Secretary/etc to locate such materials.

Lead/Senior – Inspector

Meet with Chief/Housing Manager/Band Manager/Finance Manager, to identify:
- future servicing needs (planned development and population growth)
- servicing constraints (source availability, soils, groundwater, bedrock, topography, etc.)
- identify the extent to which non structural solutions or optimization strategies (water conservation, leak reduction, etc) have been previously investigated or implemented
- confirm current population and housing numbers
- obtain financial information not previously provided
- note community concerns related to future servicing.
Complete a walk through of the water plant from source to storage.
Prepare a flow schematic (internal use).
Complete the assessment questionnaire on treatment/storage/operations/operator(s) etc. with Operator/Circuit Rider.
Take photographs.
Travel to main sewage pumping station and wastewater treatment facility.
Complete a walk through of the plant from influent to effluent.
Prepare a flow schematic (internal use).
Complete assessment questionnaire.
Take photographs.
Complete ACRS update.
Repeat for additional water or wastewater facilities.
Review information collected by Technical Support
Gather all background/operational data gathered by First Nation
Complete overall notes.

Technical Support

Gather any relevant operational data (water and wastewater), if not already provided and arrange with the First Nation to have copied/scanned that day.
Obtain GPS coordinates of source(s) and treatment.
Complete the source questions on the assessment questionnaire.
Undertake sampling of the raw and/or treated water, if necessary.
Take photographs.
Complete ACRS update.
Travel around community with First Nation representative and undertake private system assessments for water and/or septic including GPS coordinates, photographs, assessment forms and sampling.
Meet back with Lead/Senior Inspector at wastewater location and assist with sampling, if required.

Sampling Requirements

Water Sampling

The terms of reference state, "The sampling program for public water systems should reflect the requirements of the most stringent regulations applicable in the Province in which the community is located. However, should an adequate sampling program already be in place, then existing data may be used. Bidders should assume sampling and testing will be required for 5% of total wells, septics, and cisterns identified in SW5. Septics and cisterns only require a visual inspection. All bidders are required to carry a $500,000 allowance for this purpose. Any variances should be identified in the Inception Report."

Health Canada data is anticipated to be available for the majority of the water systems. Where data is not available, sampling will be conducted as part of the inspection.

Minimum existing data required will include:

Community systems

bacteriological – monthly available for previous year
general chemistry – annually (treated)
full Volatile Organic Compound analysis – within 5 years

Private wells

bacteriological – one sample within past year
basic chemistry – one sample within past year

For public systems where data is not available, treated water samples will be obtained and submitted to a laboratory for testing that would include; Basic Chemistry, Full Metals Scan, Bacteria and Volatile Organic Compounds.

For public systems that include a piped distribution system and where distributed water quality data is not available, a sample will be taken from the most remote point in the distribution system and sampled for Disinfection By-Products.

For individual wells, samples will be obtained from a representative number of wells (5% of total wells) in the community. The testing will include; Basic Chemistry, Full Metals Scan and Bacteria.

Wastewater Sampling

For systems lacking existing discharge quality data, and that will be discharging at the time of the site visit, representative samples will be obtained and submitted to a laboratory for testing. This would include seasonal discharges at the time of the site visit and from plants with continuous discharge to a receiving body. Sewage treatment systems providing an equivalent to secondary treatment (lagoons, and mechanical facilities) for which effluent quality data does not include the parameters of BOD₅, TSS, and E.Coli, will be sampled in the field, if they are in fact discharging at the time of site visit. Similarly, sewage treatment systems providing an equivalent to tertiary treatment for which effluent quality data does not include BOD₅, TSS, Ammonia, Total Phosphorous and E.Coli, will be sampled in the field, if they are in fact discharging at the time of the site visit.

Appendix D - First Nation Water Summaries

Appendix D.1 Individual First Nation Water Summary

**Table D.1 - 1: Water System Regional Summary of Water Treatment, Storage and Distribution Systems**
First Nation Information	Water System Information
Band Number - Band Name	System Number	System Name	Water Source	Treatment Class	Const Year
172 - Aamjiwnaang	7178	Aamjiwnaang Water System	MTA	MTA	1971
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	15902	Bald Indian Bay Water Treatment Plant	Surface Water	Level I	2000
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	6484	Wauzhushk Onigum Water Treatment Unit - 2nd Portage	Surface Water	Level I	1990
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	6482	Saug-A-Gaw-Sing Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI	Level II	1997
242 - Aroland	7130	Aroland Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	1993
143 - Attawapiskat	7141	Attawapiskat Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	2001
180 - Aundeck-Omni-Kaning	7219	Sucker Creek Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2004
198 - Batchewana First Nation	7154	MTA)	MTA	MTA	1996
207 - Bearskin Lake	7234	Bearskin Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1994
141 - Beausoleil	7159	Cedar Point Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	2006
141 - Beausoleil	7158	Christian Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1999
124 - Big Grassy	6466	Big Grassy Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1997
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	7188	Rocky Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2008
228 - Brunswick House	7228	Brunswick House Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	2000
216 - Cat Lake	7236	Cat Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	1995
221 - Chapleau Cree First Nation	7139	Chapleau Cree Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI	Level II	1994
229 - Chapleau Ojibway	7229	Chapleau Ojibwe Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	2006
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	7157	Georgina Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1992
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	7177	Kettle and Stony Point Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1993
122 - Chippewas of Nawash	7203	Neyaashiinigmiing Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1990
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	7174	Chippewas of the Thames Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI	Level I	1992
182 - Constance Lake	7131	Constance Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1986
126 - Couchiching First Nation	7161	Town of Fort Frances	MTA	MTA	1988
161 - Curve Lake	7201	Curve Lake Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI	Level I	1985
237 - Deer Lake	6545	Deer Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1999
218 - Dokis	7222	Dokis Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	1992
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	7132	Eabametoong Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1992
148 - Eagle Lake	6529	Eagle Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2000
142 - Fort Albany	7140	Fort Albany Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1998
215 - Fort Severn	6544	Fort Severn Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2002
187 - Fort William	7182	Thunder Bay Water Treatment System	MTA	MTA	1985
199 - Garden River First Nation	NEW001	ECHO RIVER WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	Groundwater	Level I	1982
199 - Garden River First Nation	7147	Garden River Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	1992
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	7134	Town of Long Lac Water Treatment System	MTA	MTA	1983
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	6530	Grassy Narrows Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1993
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	7183	Gull Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1970
231 - Henvey Inlet First Nation	7224	Henvey Inlet Pumphouse #2 Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	2006
162 - Hiawatha First Nation	NEW002	HIAWATHA APARTMENT COMPLEX	Groundwater	Small System	1991
154 - No. 39 Independent First N	6533	Shoal Lake 39 Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1998
210 - Kasabonika Lake	7170	Kasabonika Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2006
243 - Kashechewan	7144	Kashechewan Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	1997
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	17010	Keewaywin's New Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2008
212 - Kingfisher	7171	Kingfisher Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2008
209 - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug	6541	Kitchenuhmaykoosib Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2002
127 - Lac La Croix	7162	Lac La Croix Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1994
205 - Lac Seul	6539	Frenchman's Head Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2000
205 - Lac Seul	15905	Kejick Bay Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	1989
205 - Lac Seul	15906	Whitefish Bay Water Treatment System	Groundwater	None	1989
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	7133	Town of Long Lac Water Treatment System	MTA	MTA	1978
174 - Magnetawan	7225	Magnetawan Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1998
186 - Martin Falls	7135	Marten Falls Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1997
219 - Matachewan	7226	Matachewan Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	2005
226 - Mattagami	7227	Mattagami Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	2008
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	14199	West Bay & Lakeview Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2003
225 - Michipicoten	7180	Michipicoten Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1997
203 - Mishkeegogamang	7190	Mishkeegogamang (New Osnaburgh) Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2000
203 - Mishkeegogamang	7189	Mishkeegogamang (Ten House) Well Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level II	1998
203 - Mishkeegogamang	NEW002	WELL AT ACE LAKE	Groundwater	Level I	1995
200 - Mississauga	7146	Mississauga Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level II	1998
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	15899	Mississauga's of Scugog Island Pumphouse #1	Groundwater	Small System	1991
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	15900	Mississauga's of Scugog Island Pumphouse #2	Groundwater	Small System	1994
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	NEW001	MISSISSAUGAS OF SCUGOG ISLAND PUMPHOUSE #3	Groundwater	Small System	1997
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	7211	New Credit Water Distribution System	MTA	MTA	1971
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	15919	Aksesasne Corwall Island West Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	2006
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	6486	Akwesasne St. Regis Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	1998
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	6485	Akwesasne Wade Lafrance Rd. Pumphouse house	Groundwater GUDI	Level I	2004
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	6528	Airport Pumphouse and Treatment Facility	Surface Water	Level I	1971
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	NEW001	TOWN OF DESERONTO WATER SYSTEM	MTA	MTA	0
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	7142	Moose Factory Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1990
135 - Moose Deer Point	7160	King Bay & Issac Bay Pumphouse Systems	Surface Water	Level II	1998
167 - Moravian of the Thames	7175	Moravian of the Thames Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI	Level I	1996
168 - Munsee-Delaware Nation	NEW001	WATER DISTRIBUTION	MTA	MTA	2000
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	6542	Muskrat Dam Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1996
128 - Naicatchewenin	7163	Naicatchewenin Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1985
158 - Naotkamegwanning	6537	Whitefish Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1998
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	7137	Neskantaga Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1991
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	7138	Nibinamik Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1997
129 - Nicickousemenecaning	7164	Nicickousemenecaning Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2004
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7191	Nipissing - Arts Lane Water System	Groundwater	Level I	1993
220 - Nipissing First Nation	8076	Nipissing - Beaucage Village Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI	Level I	1996
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7212	Nipissing - Business/School Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI	None	1993
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7195	Nipissing - Dushessnay Well 1	Groundwater	Level I	1993
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7196	Nipissing - Dushessnay Well 2, 3 and 4	Groundwater	Level I	1993
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7194	Nipissing - Garden Village Water System	Groundwater GUDI	Level II	1993
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7214	Nipissing - Harry Couchie Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	1993
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7213	Nipissing - Meadow Site Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	1996
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7192	Nipissing - VLA Water System	Groundwater	Level I	1971
204 - North Caribou Lake	7233	North Caribou Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	2000
238 - North Spirit Lake	7128	North Spirit Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1999
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	7126	Angle Inlet Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level II	2010
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	7127	NWA 33 Dog Paw Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	2010
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	6483	NWA 37 Regina Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2008
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	15901	Windigo Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2002
235 - Obashkaandagaang	6532	Obashkaandagaang Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Small System	2006
235 - Obashkaandagaang		SOUTH END PUMPHOUSE	Groundwater	Small System	1987
147 - Ochiichagwebabigoining First Nation	7181	The Dalles Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2006
131 - Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation	7107	Onigaming Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1993
192 - Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation	7185	Pic River Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level II	1996
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	7176	Oneida Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1998
191 - Pays Plat First Nation	7184	Pays Plat Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1997
146 - Peawanuck	7193	Peawanuck Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI	Level I	1988
195 - Pic Mobert	15903	Pic Mobert North New Pumphouse Water System	Groundwater GUDI	Level I	1997
195 - Pic Mobert	7187	Pic Mobert South Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1982
208 - Pikangikum	6540	Pikangikum Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1996
236 - Poplar Hill	7129	Poplar Hill Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1999
130 - Rainy River First Nations	7165	Manitou Rapids Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI	Level III	1996
193 - Red Rock	7186	Red Rock Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2008
214 - Sachigo Lake	7235	Sachigo Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1996
179 - Sagamok Anishnawbek	7152	Sagamok Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	1995
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	7179	Sandy Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1992
123 - Saugeen	7210	Town of Saugeen Shores Water Treatment System	MTA	MTA	2008
132 - Seine River First Nation	7166	Seine River Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1997
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7148	Serpent River Pumphouse #1	Groundwater	Level I	1983
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7149	Serpent River Pumphouse #2	Groundwater	Level II	1995
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7150	Serpent River Pumphouse #3	Groundwater	Level I	1983
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7151	Serpent River Pumphouse #5	Groundwater GUDI	Level II	1990
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	7198	Shawanaga Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level II	1996
176 - Sheguiandah	7217	Sheguiandah Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2005
178 - Sheshegwaning	7218	Sheshegwaning Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1998
155 - Shoal Lake No.40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 2	Surface Water	Small System	1995
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 3	Surface Water	Small System	1995
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 4	Surface Water	Small System	1995
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 5	Surface Water	Small System	1995
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 9	Surface Water	Small System	1995
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	6534	Shoal Lake 40 Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Small System	1995
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	7173	Six Nations Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	1989
259 - Slate Falls Nation		BAND OFFICE PUMPHOUSE	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 1	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 2	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 3	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 4	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 5	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 6	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 7	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 8	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 9	Surface Water	Small System	1996
259 - Slate Falls Nation	7232	Slate Falls Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	2007
133 - Stanjikoming First Nation	7167	Stanjikoming Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2001
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	7143	New Post Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	1987
222 - Temagami First Nation	7197	Bear Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1998
202 - Thessalon	7153	Thessalon Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	1982
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	6531	Wabaseemoong Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	2003
156 - Wabauskang First Nation	6535	Wabauskang Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2002
157 - Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation	6536	Wabigoon Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1995
233 - Wahgoshig	7230	Wahgoshig Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	2003
170 - Walpole Island	6538	Walpole Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	2007
206 - Wapekeka	7169	Wapekeka Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2000
136 - Wasauksing First Nation		COMMUNITY WELL (SODA'S)	Groundwater	None	1970
136 - Wasauksing First Nation		SIXPLEX WELL	Groundwater	Small System	2000
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	7199	Wasauksing (Parry Island) Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	2002
234 - Wawakapewin	7168	Wawakapewin Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Small System	1998
240 - Webequie First Nation	7136	Webequie Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1992
224 - Whitefish Lake	7145	Whitefish Lake Water System	MTA	MTA	2005
230 - Whitefish River	7215	Whitefish River Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	1997
190 - Whitesand	17016	Whitesand Water System	MTA	MTA	1971
175 - Wikwemikong	7231	Wikwemikong Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2001
217 - Wunnumin	7172	Wunnumin Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	2005
173 - Zhiibaahaasing First Nation	7216	Zhiibaahaasing Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	1997

**Table D.1 - 1: Water System Regional Summary of Water Treatment, Storage and Distribution Systems (continued)**
First Nation Information	Water System Information				Storage Information
Band Number - Band Name	Design Capacity [m³/d]	Actual Capacity [m³/d]	Max Daily Volume [m³/d]	Disinfection	Storage Type	Storage Capacity
172 - Aamjiwnaang	751.6	751.6	751.6	MTA	None	MTA
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum		17	16	Yes	Grade level	1.5
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	276	190	182	Yes	Underground	238
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	240	240	119	Yes	Underground	457
242 - Aroland	402	380	136	Yes	Underground	154
143 - Attawapiskat	2592	2592	2125	Yes	Underground	960
180 - Aundeck-Omni-Kaning	760	760	300	Yes	Grade level, Underground	804
198 - Batchewana First Nation				MTA	None	MTA
207 - Bearskin Lake	302.4	302.4	221	Yes	Underground	245
141 - Beausoleil	52.56	52.5	93	Yes	Underground	32.8
141 - Beausoleil	888	888	587	Yes	Underground	640
124 - Big Grassy	432	350	283	Yes	Underground	294
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	537	537	103.2	Yes	Underground	458
228 - Brunswick House	184	184	146	Yes	Underground	259
216 - Cat Lake	691	460.7	434	Yes	Underground	317
221 - Chapleau Cree First Nation	163	66	93	Yes	Underground	180
229 - Chapleau Ojibway	233	233	86.4	Yes	None
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	272	272	313	Yes	Underground	235
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	1180	1180	956	Yes	Underground	1320.5
122 - Chippewas of Nawash	720	720	517	Yes	Elevated	454
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	573	573	781	Yes	Elevated	13.6
182 - Constance Lake	518	518	572	Yes	Underground	376
126 - Couchiching First Nation	453	453	652	MTA	None	MTA
161 - Curve Lake	272	144	105	Yes	Underground	84
237 - Deer Lake	952.8	849.3		Yes	Underground	408
218 - Dokis	102	102	90	Yes	Underground	179
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	777.6	777.6	770	Yes	Underground	370
148 - Eagle Lake	590	590	228	Yes	Elevated, Grade level	500
142 - Fort Albany	786	786	668	Yes	Underground	380
215 - Fort Severn	542	542	262	Yes	Grade level	325
187 - Fort William	Unknown	Unknown	642	MTA	None	MTA
199 - Garden River First Nation	9	9	9	Yes	Underground	9
199 - Garden River First Nation	1800	1800	671	Yes	Underground	400
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation				MTA	None	MTA
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	460	450	371	Yes	Standpipe	1080
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	120	120	370	Yes	Underground	170
231 - Henvey Inlet First Nation	227	227	130	Yes	Elevated	511
162 - Hiawatha First Nation	82			Yes	None
154 - No. 39 Independent First N	475	475	255	Yes	Underground	300
210 - Kasabonika Lake	1090	1090	305	Yes	Underground	422
243 - Kashechewan	1390	1390	464	Yes	Underground	537
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	967	967	445	Yes	Underground	346
212 - Kingfisher	403.5	403.5	94.9	Yes	Underground	398
209 - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug	674	674	393	Yes	Underground	573
127 - Lac La Croix	150	150	150	Yes	Underground	225
205 - Lac Seul	360	360	460	Yes	Underground	440
205 - Lac Seul	419	419	419	Yes	None
205 - Lac Seul	89	89	89	No	None
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation				MTA	None	MTA
174 - Magnetawan	113	113	60	Yes	Underground	198.1
186 - Martin Falls	224.6	190	266	Yes	Underground	232
219 - Matachewan	212	212	69	Yes	Underground	410
226 - Mattagami	864	432	190	Yes	Underground	440
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	1477	1477	714	Yes	Elevated, Underground	1515
225 - Michipicoten	158	155	103	Yes	Underground	200
203 - Mishkeegogamang	215	215	349	Yes	Underground	312
203 - Mishkeegogamang	86.4	86.4	80	Yes	Underground	51
203 - Mishkeegogamang	unknown	unknown	unknown	No	None
200 - Mississauga	694.8	397.4	299	Yes	Underground	559
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	64.8	64.8		Yes	None
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	64.8			Yes	None
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	64.8		5.7	Yes	None
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	450	450	555	MTA	None	MTA
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	2250	2250	610	Yes	Underground	1400
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	2063	2046	1054	Yes	Underground	2590
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	51	51	22	Yes	Grade level	18
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	35.1	35.1	35.1	Yes		0
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	238.6	238.6	205.9	MTA	None	MTA
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	1423	1423	2088	Yes	Standpipe, Underground	1356
135 - Moose Deer Point	743	743	109	Yes	Elevated, Underground	580
167 - Moravian of the Thames	432	432	427	Yes	Elevated, Underground	1243
168 - Munsee-Delaware Nation				MTA	None	MTA
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	346	346	276	Yes	Underground	247.4
128 - Naicatchewenin	118	118	101	Yes	Grade level	66
158 - Naotkamegwanning	812.2	346	388	Yes	Underground	490.1
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	250	250	245	Yes	Underground	225
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	544	360	345	Yes	Underground	317
129 - Nicickousemenecaning	188	188	62.35	Yes	Underground	210
220 - Nipissing First Nation	78.5	78.5		Yes	Underground	12
220 - Nipissing First Nation	54.6	54.6		Yes	Underground	10.3
220 - Nipissing First Nation	109	109		No	Standpipe	275
220 - Nipissing First Nation	65.7	65.7		Yes	Underground	13
220 - Nipissing First Nation		148.9		Yes	Underground	89
220 - Nipissing First Nation	820	337	331	Yes	Underground	610
220 - Nipissing First Nation	54.5	54.5		Yes	Underground	13
220 - Nipissing First Nation		128		Yes	Underground	39.7
220 - Nipissing First Nation	131	131		Yes	Underground	0
204 - North Caribou Lake	302.4	302.4	566	Yes	Underground	414
238 - North Spirit Lake	345	345	253	Yes	Underground	303
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	65.4	65.4	70	Yes	Grade level	1.7
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	75	75	74	Yes	Grade level	68
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	108.5	108.5	69	Yes	Standpipe	5.5
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	31.2	31.2	51	Yes	Standpipe	9.5
235 - Obashkaandagaang	162.7	162.7	83.3	Yes	None
235 - Obashkaandagaang	Unknown	32.5	16.5	Yes	None
147 - Ochiichagwebabigoining First Nation	483.8	472	141	Yes	Underground	423.6
131 - Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation	422	422	248	Yes	Underground	408
192 - Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation	502	502	460	Yes	Underground	332
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	1872	1872	1616	Yes	Elevated, Underground	1136
191 - Pays Plat First Nation	110	110	73	Yes	Underground	180
146 - Peawanuck	245.7	245.7	228	Yes	Underground	111.4
195 - Pic Mobert	362.88	207.36	185.3	Yes	None
195 - Pic Mobert	222.9	222.9	151	Yes	None
208 - Pikangikum	1036	345	259	Yes	Underground	175.48
236 - Poplar Hill	216	216	333	Yes	Underground	300
130 - Rainy River First Nations	196	196	264	Yes	Underground	307
193 - Red Rock	518	518	312	Yes	Underground	597.0
214 - Sachigo Lake	544.8	544.8	508.7	Yes	Underground	351.7
179 - Sagamok Anishnawbek	2160	1728	1091	Yes	Elevated	900
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	1365	780	1430	Yes	Underground	760
123 - Saugeen	1324	925	491	MTA	Elevated, Standpipe	MTA
132 - Seine River First Nation	300	300	326	Yes	Standpipe, Underground	250
201 - Serpent River First Nation	95	95	121	Yes	Grade level	22.7
201 - Serpent River First Nation	95	95	116	Yes	None
201 - Serpent River First Nation	95	95	96	Yes	Grade level	22.7
201 - Serpent River First Nation	164	164	95	Yes	Underground	43.6
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	182	182	50	Yes	Underground	225.7
176 - Sheguiandah	360	360	276	Yes	Grade level, Underground	495
178 - Sheshegwaning	130	130	70	Yes	Underground	245
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40			12	Yes	None
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40			40	Yes	None
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40			28	Yes	None
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40			19	Yes	None
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40			31	Yes	None
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40			30	Yes
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	1401	1401	1401	Yes	Elevated	1136
259 - Slate Falls Nation	104	104	7	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	214	214	14	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	115	115	14	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	226	226	17	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	112	112	14	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	112	112	14	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	207	207	11	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	193	193	14	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	101	101	11	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	102	102	11	Yes	None
259 - Slate Falls Nation	16	16	1.7	Yes	None
133 - Stanjikoming First Nation	282.6	282.6	33.7	Yes	Underground	232
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	130	130	98	Yes	Underground	192
222 - Temagami First Nation	251	251	229	Yes	Underground	260
202 - Thessalon	327	327	440	Yes	None
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	1800	1800	486	Yes	Elevated, Underground	442.5
156 - Wabauskang First Nation	265	265	85.5	Yes	Underground	424
157 - Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation	285	250	189	Yes	Underground	220
233 - Wahgoshig	276	276	185	Yes	Underground	424
170 - Walpole Island	3456	3456	1790	Yes	Elevated, Underground	2395
206 - Wapekeka	345	173	121	Yes	Underground	288
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	10	10		No	None
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	10	10		Yes	None
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	55	55	50	Yes	Underground	131.1
234 - Wawakapewin	164	164	11.3	Yes	None
240 - Webequie First Nation	907	907	498	Yes	Underground	418
224 - Whitefish Lake	600	600	364	MTA	None	MTA
230 - Whitefish River	288	288	225	Yes	Standpipe	234
190 - Whitesand	433	433	433	MTA	None	MTA
175 - Wikwemikong	2592	2592	1642	Yes	Elevated, Grade level, Underground	2308
217 - Wunnumin	545	545	390	Yes	Underground	492
173 - Zhiibaahaasing First Nation				Yes	None

**Table D.1 - 1: Water System Regional Summary of Water Treatment, Storage and Distribution Systems (continued)**
First Nation Information	Distribution System Information
Band Number - Band Name	Distribution Class	Population Served	Homes Piped	Homes Trucked	Number of Trucks in Service	Pipe Length	Pipe Length / Connection
172 - Aamjiwnaang	MTA	925	225	0	0	11200	49
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	Small System	26	8	0	0
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	Level I	290	91	0	0	3075.02	33
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	Level I	175	30	0	0	1760	58
242 - Aroland	Level I	359	119	0	0	4220	35
143 - Attawapiskat	Level II	1909	280	0	0	11599.5	41
180 - Aundeck-Omni- Kaning	Level II	397	136	2	1	11077	81
198 - Batchewana First Nation	MTA	564	191	0	0	6900	36
207 - Bearskin Lake	Level I	428	40	112	2	1778	44
141 - Beausoleil	Level I	50	17	0	0	1110	65
141 - Beausoleil	Level I	653	221	0	0	12347	55
124 - Big Grassy	Level I	290	84	0	0	8100	96
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	Level I	376	84	0	0	1772	21
228 - Brunswick House	Level I	150	40	0	0	2131	53
216 - Cat Lake	Level I	512	109	0	0	3738	34
221 - Chapleau Cree First Nation	Level I	93	36	0	0	1880	52
229 - Chapleau Ojibway	Level I	32	11	0	0	380	34
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	Level II	200	100	0	0	6649	66
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	Level I	1279	377	0	0	23798	63
122 - Chippewas of Nawash	Level II	864	251	21	1	18471.2	73
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	Level I	994	300	0	0	53457.2	178
182 - Constance Lake	Level I	842	246	0	0	9498	38
126 - Couchiching First Nation	Level I	762	246	5	1	11921	48
161 - Curve Lake	Level II	132	51	0	0	1450	28
237 - Deer Lake	Level I	968	54	137	2	4354.5	80
218 - Dokis	Level I	191	102	0	0	5240	51
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	Level I	1451	267	0	0	5779.6	21
148 - Eagle Lake	Level I	333	94	0	0	4367.5	46
142 - Fort Albany	Level I	1210	171	0	0	6572	38
215 - Fort Severn	Level I	602	112	0	0	5488	49
187 - Fort William	Level I	820	208	0	0	15960.63	76
199 - Garden River First Nation	Level I	27	9	0	0	450	50
199 - Garden River First Nation	Level II	1275	444	0	0	30600	68
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	Small System	208	66	0	0	3310	50
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	Level I	776	182	5	1	8213	45
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	Level I	457	73	0	0	3032	41
231 - Henvey Inlet First Nation	Level I	153	44	0	0	3315	75
162 - Hiawatha First Nation	Small System	20	5	0	0
154 No. 39 Independent First Nation	Level I	313	136	0	0	5879.7	43
210 - Kasabonika Lake	Level I	930	166	28	1	4634	27
243 - Kashechewan	Level II	1600	252	0	0	7670.8	30
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	Level I	504	82	0	0	2555	31
212 - Kingfisher	Level I	489	79	49	2	3291	41
209 - Kitchenuh- maykoosib Inninuwug	Level I	932	148	133	3	11704.5	79
127 - Lac La Croix	Level I	283	81	0	0	2839.6	35
205 - Lac Seul	Level I	472	130	0	0	5135	39
205 - Lac Seul	Level I	356	98	0	0	2265	23
205 - Lac Seul	Level I	91	25	0	0	1262	50
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	Level I	432	116	0	0	4955	42
174 - Magnetawan	Level II	92	32	0	0	1338	41
186 - Martin Falls	Level I	326	103	0	0	7634	74
219 - Matachewan	Level I	71	34	0	0	4649	136
226 - Mattagami	Level I	195	85	0	0	2658	31
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	Level II	1018	348	70	1	13185	37
225 - Michipicoten	Level I	73	40	0	0	2485	62
203 - Mishkeegogamang	Level I	358	89	0	0	7641	85
203 - Mishkeegogamang	Level I	179	25	0	0	1351.25	54
203 - Mishkeegogamang	Level I	25	5	0	0	150	30
200 - Mississauga	Level II	392	146	0	0	7300	50
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	Small System	16	6	0	0	250	41
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	Small System	9	6	0	0	250	41
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	Small System	9	5	0	0
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	Level I	671	155	20	0	18691.9	120
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Level I	2556	355	0	0	8000	22
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Level I	3967	551	0	0	17375	31
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Level I	324	45	0	0	620	13
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	Level I	36	13	0	0	420	32
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	Level I	707	257	0	0	9320	36
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	Level I	2570	470	0	0	9982.4	21
135 - Moose Deer Point	Level I	201	26	0	0	1095	42
167 - Moravian of the Thames	Level I	526	140	0	0	14622	104
168 - Munsee-Delaware Nation	MTA	118	25	12	0
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	Level I	286	87	1	1	7482	86
128 - Naicatchewenin	Level II	266	83	0	0	1826	22
158 - Naotkameg- wanning	Level I	565	120	0	0	4333	36
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	Level I	333	85	0	1	3683	43
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	Level I	354	101	0	0	4775	47
129 - Nicickouse- menecaning	Level I	145	40	0	0	1486	37
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Small System	30	11	0	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Small System	16	6	0	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	NA	16	6	0	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Level I	54	20	0	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Level I	216	80	0	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Level I	286	106	0	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation		27	10	0	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Small System	38	14	0	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Small System	19	7	0	0
204 - North Caribou Lake	Level II	834	215	52	3	5868.5	27
238 - North Spirit Lake	Level I	450	40	38	1	1600	40
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	Level I	94	45	0	0	200	4
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	Level I	140	33	0	0	804	24
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	Level I	102	40	0	0	820	20
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	Level I	75	15	0	0	1430	95
235 - Obashkaandagaang	Small System	101	35	0	0	1246	35
235 - Obashkaandagaang	Small System	20	7	0	0	703	100
147 - Ochiichagwe- babigoining First Nation	Level I	149	54	0	0	2000	37
131 - Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation	Level I	496	110	0	0	5505	50
192 - Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation	Level II	566	160	0	0	10950	68
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	Level II	2261	534	0	0	41593	77
191 - Pays Plat First Nation	Level I	75	35	0	0	2600	74
146 - Peawanuck	Level I	295	70	0	0	3957	56
195 - Pic Mobert	Level I	190	64	0	0	1590	24
195 - Pic Mobert	Level I	154	52	0	0	1095	21
208 - Pikangikum	NA	104	0	20	1
236 - Poplar Hill	Level I	502	25	73	1	1275	51
130 - Rainy River First Nations	Level II	478	80	0	0	2660	33
193 - Red Rock	Level I	320	99	0	0	3621.36	36
214 - Sachigo Lake	Level I	534	128	37	2	4605	35
179 - Sagamok Anishnawbek	Level II	1493	307	0	0	17375	56
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	Level I	2501	260	140	3	11601	44
123 - Saugeen	Level II	915	301	0	0	25150	83
132 - Seine River First Nation	Level I	334	78	0	0	3942	50
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Level II	118	43	0	0	9896	230
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Level II	82	30	0	0
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Level II	124	45	0	0
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Level II	69	25	0	0
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	Level I	220	88	0	0	6968	79
176 - Sheguiandah	Level II	171	54	7	1	6299.4	116
178 - Sheshegwaning	Level I	104	64	0	0	4323	67
155 Shoal Lake No. - 40	Level I	40	12	0	0	1313	109
155 Shoal Lake No. - 40	Level I	57	17	0	0	1310	77
155 Shoal Lake No.- 40	Level I	40	12	0	0	950	79
155 Shoal Lake No.- 40	Level I	27	8	0	0	700	87
155 Shoal Lake No. - 40	Level I	44	13	0	0	760	58
155 Shoal Lake No.- 40	Level I	44	13	0	0	1322	101
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	Level I	3950	395	559	0	21804.67	55
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	9	3	0	0
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	17	6	0	0	260	43
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	17	6	0	0	245	40
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	20	7	0	0	225	32
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	17	6	0	0	150	25
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	17	6	0	0	370.6	61
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	13	5	0	0	345	69
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	17	6	0	0	155	25
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	13	5	0	0	220	44
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Small System	13	5	0	0	230	46
259 - Slate Falls Nation	NA	0	0	0	0
133 - Stanjikoming First Nation	Level I	131	30	0	0	2036	67
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	Level I	100	24	0	0	830	34
222 - Temagami First Nation	Level I	226	68	0	0	2330	34
202 - Thessalon	Level I	111	51	0	0	2976.46	58
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	Level I	864	195	0	0	5864.42	30
156 - Wabauskang First Nation	Level I	120	29	0	0	1440	49
157 - Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation	Level II	194	69	0	0	4007	58
233 - Wahgoshig	Level I	185	46	0	0	2489.2	54
170 - Walpole Island	Level I	2201	639	0	0	41327.09	64
206 - Wapekeka	Level I	439	95	12	1	3153	33
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	NA	15	5	0	0
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	Small System	17	6	0	0
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	Level I	0	0	0	0
234 - Wawakapewin	Small System	23	15	0	0	603	40
240 - Webequie First Nation	Level I	712	208	0	0	5420.4	26
224 - Whitefish Lake	Level I	459	127	0	0	4982	39
230 - Whitefish River	Level II	382	141	37	1	5006	35
190 - Whitesand	Level I	444	103	0	0	3017.8	29
175 - Wikwemikong	Level I	3402	530	490	4	18344.32	34
217 - Wunnumin	Level I	571	138	0	0	5511	39
173 - Zhiibaahaasing First Nation	NA	94	0	18	1

Appendix D.1 Individual First Nation Water Summary (continued)

**Table D.1 - 2: Regional Summary of Water Quality Information**
First Nation Information	Water System Information
Band Number - Band Name	System Number	System Name	Water Source
172 - Aamjiwnaang	7178	Aamjiwnaang Water System	MTA
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	15902	Bald Indian Bay Water Treatment Plant	Surface Water
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	6484	Wauzhushk Onigum Water Treatment Unit - 2nd Portage	Surface Water
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	6482	Saug-A-Gaw-Sing Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI
242 - Aroland	7130	Aroland Water Treatment System	Groundwater
143 - Attawapiskat	7141	Attawapiskat Water Treatment System	Surface Water
180 - Aundeck-Omni-Kaning	7219	Sucker Creek Water Treatment System	Surface Water
198 - Batchewana First Nation	7154	Shoal Lake No. (MTA)	MTA
207 - Bearskin Lake	7234	Bearskin Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
141 - Beausoleil	7159	Cedar Point Water Treatment System	Groundwater
141 - Beausoleil	7158	Christian Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
124 - Big Grassy	6466	Big Grassy Water Treatment System	Surface Water
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	7188	Rocky Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water
228 - Brunswick House	7228	Brunswick House Water Treatment System	Surface Water
216 - Cat Lake	7236	Cat Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
221 - Chapleau Cree First Nation	7139	Chapleau Cree Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI
229 - Chapleau Ojibway	7229	Chapleau Ojibwe Water Treatment System	Groundwater
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	7157	Georgina Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	7177	Kettle and Stony Point Water Treatment System	Surface Water
122 - Chippewas of Nawash	7203	Neyaashiinigmiing Water Treatment System	Surface Water
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	7174	Chippewas of the Thames Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI
182 - Constance Lake	7131	Constance Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
126 - Couchiching First Nation	7161	Town of Fort Frances	MTA
161 - Curve Lake	7201	Curve Lake Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI
237 - Deer Lake	6545	Deer Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
218 - Dokis	7222	Dokis Water Treatment System	Groundwater
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	7132	Eabametoong Water Treatment System	Surface Water
148 - Eagle Lake	6529	Eagle Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
142 - Fort Albany	7140	Fort Albany Water Treatment System	Surface Water
215 - Fort Severn	6544	Fort Severn Water Treatment System	Surface Water
187 - Fort William	7182	Thunder Bay Water Treatment System	MTA
199 - Garden River First Nation	NEW001	ECHO RIVER WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	Groundwater
199 - Garden River First Nation	7147	Garden River Water Treatment System	Groundwater
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	7134	Town of Long Lac Water Treatment System	MTA
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	6530	Grassy Narrows Water Treatment System	Surface Water
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	7183	Gull Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water
231 - Henvey Inlet First Nation	7224	Henvey Inlet Pumphouse #2 Water Treatment System	Groundwater
162 - Hiawatha First Nation	NEW002	HIAWATHA APARTMENT COMPLEX	Groundwater
154 - No. 39 Independent First	6533	Shoal Lake 39 Water Treatment System	Surface Water
210 - Kasabonika Lake	7170	Kasabonika Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
243 - Kashechewan	7144	Kashechewan Water Treatment System	Surface Water
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	17010	Keewaywin's New Water Treatment System	Surface Water
212 - Kingfisher	7171	Kingfisher Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
209 - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug	6541	Kitchenuhmaykoosib Water Treatment System	Surface Water
127 - Lac La Croix	7162	Lac La Croix Water Treatment System	Surface Water
205 - Lac Seul	6539	Frenchman's Head Water Treatment System	Surface Water
205 - Lac Seul	15905	Kejick Bay Water Treatment System	Groundwater
205 - Lac Seul	15906	Whitefish Bay Water Treatment System	Groundwater
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	7133	Town of Long Lac Water Treatment System	MTA
174 - Magnetawan	7225	Magnetawan Water Treatment System	Surface Water
186 - Martin Falls	7135	Marten Falls Water Treatment System	Surface Water
219 - Matachewan	7226	Matachewan Water Treatment System	Groundwater
226 - Mattagami	7227	Mattagami Water Treatment System	Groundwater
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	14199	West Bay & Lakeview Water Treatment System	Surface Water
225 - Michipicoten	7180	Michipicoten Water Treatment System	Surface Water
203 - Mishkeegogamang	7190	Mishkeegogamang (New Osnaburgh) Water Treatment System	Surface Water
203 - Mishkeegogamang	7189	Mishkeegogamang (Ten House) Well Water Treatment System	Groundwater
203 - Mishkeegogamang	NEW002	WELL AT ACE LAKE	Groundwater
200 - Mississauga	7146	Mississauga Water Treatment System	Groundwater
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	15899	Mississauga's of Scugog Island Pumphouse #1	Groundwater
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	15900	Mississauga's of Scugog Island Pumphouse #2	Groundwater
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	NEW001	MISSISSAUGAS OF SCUGOG ISLAND PUMPHOUSE #3	Groundwater
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	7211	New Credit Water Distribution System	MTA
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	15919	Aksesasne Corwall Island West Water Treatment System	Surface Water
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	6486	Akwesasne St. Regis Water Treatment System	Surface Water
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	6485	Akwesasne Wade Lafrance Rd. Pumphouse house	Groundwater GUDI
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	6528	Airport Pumphouse and Treatment Facility	Surface Water
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	NEW001	TOWN OF DESERONTO WATER SYSTEM	MTA
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	7142	Moose Factory Water Treatment System	Surface Water
135 - Moose Deer Point	7160	King Bay & Issac Bay Pumphouse Systems	Surface Water
167 - Moravian of the Thames	7175	Moravian of the Thames Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI
168 - Munsee-Delaware Nation	NEW001	WATER DISTRIBUTION	MTA
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	6542	Muskrat Dam Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
128 - Naicatchewenin	7163	Naicatchewenin Water Treatment System	Surface Water
158 - Naotkamegwanning	6537	Whitefish Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	7137	Neskantaga Water Treatment System	Surface Water
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	7138	Nibinamik Water Treatment System	Surface Water
129 - Nicickousemenecaning	7164	Nicickousemenecaning Water Treatment System	Surface Water
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7191	Nipissing - Arts Lane Water System	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	8076	Nipissing - Beaucage Village Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7212	Nipissing - Business/School Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7195	Nipissing - Dushessnay Well 1	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7196	Nipissing - Dushessnay Well 2, 3 and 4	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7194	Nipissing - Garden Village Water System	Groundwater GUDI
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7214	Nipissing - Harry Couchie Water Treatment System	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7213	Nipissing - Meadow Site Water Treatment System	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7192	Nipissing - VLA Water System	Groundwater
204 - North Caribou Lake	7233	North Caribou Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
238 - North Spirit Lake	7128	North Spirit Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	7126	Angle Inlet Water Treatment System	Groundwater
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	7127	NWA 33 Dog Paw Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	6483	NWA 37 Regina Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	15901	Windigo Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
235 - Obashkaandagaang	6532	Obashkaandagaang Water Treatment System	Groundwater
235 - Obashkaandagaang		SOUTH END PUMPHOUSE	Groundwater
147 - Ochiichagwebabigoining First Nation	7181	The Dalles Water Treatment System	Surface Water
131 - Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation	7107	Onigaming Water Treatment System	Surface Water
192 - Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation	7185	Pic River Water Treatment System	Groundwater
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	7176	Oneida Water Treatment System	Surface Water
191 - Pays Plat First Nation	7184	Pays Plat Water Treatment System	Surface Water
146 - Peawanuck	7193	Peawanuck Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI
195 - Pic Mobert	15903	Pic Mobert North New Pumphouse Water System	Groundwater GUDI
195 - Pic Mobert	7187	Pic Mobert South Water Treatment System	Surface Water
208 - Pikangikum	6540	Pikangikum Water Treatment System	Surface Water
236 - Poplar Hill	7129	Poplar Hill Water Treatment System	Surface Water
130 - Rainy River First Nations	7165	Manitou Rapids Water Treatment System	Groundwater GUDI
193 - Red Rock	7186	Red Rock Water Treatment System	Surface Water
214 - Sachigo Lake	7235	Sachigo Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
179 - Sagamok Anishnawbek	7152	Sagamok Water Treatment System	Groundwater
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	7179	Sandy Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
123 - Saugeen	7210	Town of Saugeen Shores Water Treatment System	MTA
132 - Seine River First Nation	7166	Seine River Water Treatment System	Surface Water
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7148	Serpent River Pumphouse #1	Groundwater
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7149	Serpent River Pumphouse #2	Groundwater
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7150	Serpent River Pumphouse #3	Groundwater
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7151	Serpent River Pumphouse #5	Groundwater GUDI
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	7198	Shawanaga Water Treatment System	Groundwater
176 - Sheguiandah	7217	Sheguiandah Water Treatment System	Surface Water
178 - Sheshegwaning	7218	Sheshegwaning Water Treatment System	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 2	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 3	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 4	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 5	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 9	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	6534	Shoal Lake 40 Water Treatment System	Surface Water
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	7173	Six Nations Water Treatment System	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		BAND OFFICE PUMPHOUSE	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 1	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 2	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 3	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 4	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 5	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 6	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 7	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 8	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 9	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation	7232	Slate Falls Water Treatment System	Surface Water
133 - Stanjikoming First Nation	7167	Stanjikoming Water Treatment System	Surface Water
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	7143	New Post Water Treatment System	Groundwater
222 - Temagami First Nation	7197	Bear Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
202 - Thessalon	7153	Thessalon Water Treatment System	Groundwater
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	6531	Wabaseemoong Water Treatment System	Surface Water
156 - Wabauskang First Nation	6535	Wabauskang Water Treatment System	Surface Water
157 - Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation	6536	Wabigoon Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
233 - Wahgoshig	7230	Wahgoshig Water Treatment System	Groundwater
170 - Walpole Island	6538	Walpole Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
206 - Wapekeka	7169	Wapekeka Water Treatment System	Surface Water
136 - Wasauksing First Nation		COMMUNITY WELL (SODA'S)	Groundwater
136 - Wasauksing First Nation		SIXPLEX WELL	Groundwater
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	7199	Wasauksing (Parry Island) Water Treatment System	Surface Water
234 - Wawakapewin	7168	Wawakapewin Water Treatment System	Groundwater
240 - Webequie First Nation	7136	Webequie Water Treatment System	Surface Water
224 - Whitefish Lake	7145	Whitefish Lake Water System	MTA
230 - Whitefish River	7215	Whitefish River Water Treatment System	Surface Water
190 - Whitesand	17016	Whitesand Water System	MTA
175 - Wikwemikong	7231	Wikwemikong Water Treatment System	Surface Water
217 - Wunnumin	7172	Wunnumin Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
173 - Zhiibaahaasing First Nation	7216	Zhiibaahaasing Water Treatment System	Surface Water

**Table D.1 - 2: Regional Summary of Water Quality Information (continued)**
First Nation Information	Water Quality Information
Band Number - Band Name	GCDWQ	Cause of Failure	Fails Health Guidelines	Fails Aesthetic Guidelines	MAC by Design	MAC by Operation	DWA In Effect	DWA Count
172 - Aamjiwnaang	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	No	No	Yes	No	No	0
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
242 - Aroland	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
143 - Attawapiskat	High Freq AND High Mag	Both	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	1
180 - Aundeck-Omni-Kaning	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	No	No	0
198 - Batchewana First Nation	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
207 - Bearskin Lake	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	No	No	No	No		2
141 - Beausoleil	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
141 - Beausoleil	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
124 - Big Grassy	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	No	No	No	No	No	0
228 - Brunswick House	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	No	No	0
216 - Cat Lake	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
221 - Chapleau Cree First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	No		3
229 - Chapleau Ojibway	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
122 - Chippewas of Nawash	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	1
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
182 - Constance Lake	High Freq OR High Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	Yes		2
126 - Couchiching First Nation	Meets Requirements	Design	No	N/A	No	No	No	0
161 - Curve Lake	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
237 - Deer Lake	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
218 - Dokis	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
148 - Eagle Lake	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
142 - Fort Albany	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	1
215 - Fort Severn	High Freq AND High Mag	Unknown	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
187 - Fort William	Meets Requirements	N/A	No	N/A	No	No	No	0
199 - Garden River First Nation	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
199 - Garden River First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	0
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	High Freq, Low Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	1
231 - Henvey Inlet First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
162 - Hiawatha First Nation	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
154 - No. 39 Independent First	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
210 - Kasabonika Lake	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
243 - Kashechewan	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	1
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	1
212 - Kingfisher	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No		2
209 - Kitchenuh- maykoosib Inninuwug	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	Yes	1
127 - Lac La Croix	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
205 - Lac Seul	High Freq, Low Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
205 - Lac Seul	High Freq, Low Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
205 - Lac Seul	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	Yes	1
174 - Magnetawan	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
186 - Martin Falls	High Freq OR High Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	1
219 - Matachewan	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
226 - Mattagami	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	No	No	0
225 - Michipicoten	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
203 - Mishkee- gogamang	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
203 - Mishkee- gogamang	Low Freq, Low Mag	Both	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	0
203 - Mishkee gogamang	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
200 - Mississauga	Meets Requirements	N/A	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	Low Freq, Low Mag	Unknown	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	0
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Low Freq, Low Mag	N/A	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	High Freq OR High Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
135 - Moose Deer Point	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
167 - Moravian of the Thames	Low Freq, Low Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	1
168 - Munsee-Delaware Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Unknown	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	0
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	High Freq AND High Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
128 - Naicatchewenin	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No		3
158 - Naotkame- gwanning	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Unknown	N/A	N/A	No	No	Yes	1
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
129 - Nicickouse- menecaning	High Freq OR High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Meets Requirements	Operation	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	1
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Meets Requirements	Design	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No		2
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	High Freq, Low Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
204 - North Caribou Lake	Meets Requirements	Both	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
238 - North Spirit Lake	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	0
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	Yes	1
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	Meets Requirements	Design	No	N/A	No	No	Yes	1
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	N/A	N/A	No	No	Yes	1
235 - Obashka- andagaang	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	1
235 - Obashka- andagaang	High Freq, Low Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
147 - Ochiicha- gwebabi- goining First Nation	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
131 - Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation	Meets Requirements	N/A	No	No	No	No	No	0
192 - Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	High Freq OR High Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		2
191 - Pays Plat First Nation	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	No	No	0
146 - Peawanuck	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	1
195 - Pic Mobert	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	1
195 - Pic Mobert	High Freq AND High Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	1
208 - Pikangikum	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	1
236 - Poplar Hill	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
130 - Rainy River First Nations	Low Freq, Low Mag	Unknown	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
193 - Red Rock	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
214 - Sachigo Lake	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
179 - Sagamok Anishnawbek	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Both	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	1
123 - Saugeen	Meets Requirements	N/A	No	N/A	No	No	No	0
132 - Seine River First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
201 - Serpent River First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
201 - Serpent River First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
201 - Serpent River First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	0
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
176 - Sheguiandah	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
178 - Sheshegwaning	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	0
155 -Shoal Lake No.40	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
155 -Shoal Lake No.40	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
155 -Shoal Lake No. 40	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	N/A	N/A	No	No	Yes	1
155 -Shoal Lake No.40	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
155 -Shoal Lake No. 40	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
155 -Shoal Lake No.40	High Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	High Freq AND High Mag	Both	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	0
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq AND High Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	1
259 - Slate Falls Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	No	No	0
133 - Stanjikoming First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design	Yes	Yes	No	No		3
222 - Temagami First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	No	No	No	No	No	0
202 - Thessalon	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	1
150 - Wabasee- moong Independent Nations	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
156 - Wabauskang First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	1
157 - Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
233 - Wahgoshig	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	No	No	0
170 - Walpole Island	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	0
206 - Wapekeka	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
234 - Wawakapewin	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	Yes	1
240 - Webequie First Nation	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	1
224 - Whitefish Lake	High Freq OR High Mag	Design	No	Yes	No	No	No	0
230 - Whitefish River	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
190 - Whitesand	Meets Requirements	N/A	No	No	No	No	Yes	1
175 - Wikwemikong	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	0
217 - Wunnumin	Meets Requirements	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	No	No	0
173 - Zhiibaahaasing First Nation	Meets Requirements	Design	No	No	No	No	No	0

Appendix D.1 Individual First Nation Water Summary (continued)

**Table D.1 - 3: Regional Summary of Water Operator Information**
First Nation Information	Water System Information
Band Number - Band Name	System Number	System Name	Water Source
172 - Aamjiwnaang	7178	Aamjiwnaang Water System	MTA
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	15902	Bald Indian Bay Water Treatment Plant	Surface Water
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	6484	Wauzhushk Onigum Water Treatment Unit - 2nd Portage	Surface Water
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	6482	Saug-A-Gaw-Sing Water Treatment System	GUDI
242 - Aroland	7130	Aroland Water Treatment System	Groundwater
143 - Attawapiskat	7141	Attawapiskat Water Treatment System	Surface Water
180 - Aundeck-Omni-Kaning	7219	Sucker Creek Water Treatment System	Surface Water
198 - Batchewana First Nation	7154	Ojibways of Batchewana Water System (MTA)	MTA
207 - Bearskin Lake	7234	Bearskin Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
141 - Beausoleil	7159	Cedar Point Water Treatment System	Groundwater
141 - Beausoleil	7158	Christian Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
124 - Big Grassy	6466	Big Grassy Water Treatment System	Surface Water
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	7188	Rocky Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water
228 - Brunswick House	7228	Brunswick House Water Treatment System	Surface Water
216 - Cat Lake	7236	Cat Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
221 - Chapleau Cree First Nation	7139	Chapleau Cree Water Treatment System	GUDI
229 - Chapleau Ojibway	7229	Chapleau Ojibwe Water Treatment System	Groundwater
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	7157	Georgina Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	7177	Kettle and Stony Point Water Treatment System	Surface Water
122 - Chippewas of Nawash	7203	Neyaashiinigmiing Water Treatment System	Surface Water
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	7174	Chippewas of the Thames Water Treatment System	GUDI
182 - Constance Lake	7131	Constance Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
126 - Couchiching First Nation	7161	Town of Fort Frances	MTA
161 - Curve Lake	7201	Curve Lake Water Treatment System	GUDI
237 - Deer Lake	6545	Deer Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
218 - Dokis	7222	Dokis Water Treatment System	Groundwater
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	7132	Eabametoong Water Treatment System	Surface Water
148 - Eagle Lake	6529	Eagle Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
142 - Fort Albany	7140	Fort Albany Water Treatment System	Surface Water
215 - Fort Severn	6544	Fort Severn Water Treatment System	Surface Water
187 - Fort William	7182	Thunder Bay Water Treatment System	MTA
199 - Garden River First Nation	NEW001	ECHO RIVER WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	Groundwater
199 - Garden River First Nation	7147	Garden River Water Treatment System	Groundwater
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	7134	Town of Long Lac Water Treatment System	MTA
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	6530	Grassy Narrows Water Treatment System	Surface Water
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	7183	Gull Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water
231 - Henvey Inlet First Nation	7224	Henvey Inlet Pumphouse #2 Water Treatment System	Groundwater
162 - Hiawatha First Nation	NEW002	HIAWATHA APARTMENT COMPLEX	Groundwater
154 - No. 39 Independent First Nation	6533	Shoal Lake 39 Water Treatment System	Surface Water
210 - Kasabonika Lake	7170	Kasabonika Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
243 - Kashechewan	7144	Kashechewan Water Treatment System	Surface Water
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	17010	Keewaywin's New Water Treatment System	Surface Water
212 - Kingfisher	7171	Kingfisher Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
209 - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug	6541	Kitchenuhmaykoosib Water Treatment System	Surface Water
127 - Lac La Croix	7162	Lac La Croix Water Treatment System	Surface Water
205 - Lac Seul	6539	Frenchman's Head Water Treatment System	Surface Water
205 - Lac Seul	15905	Kejick Bay Water Treatment System	Groundwater
205 - Lac Seul	15906	Whitefish Bay Water Treatment System	Groundwater
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	7133	Town of Long Lac Water Treatment System	MTA
174 - Magnetawan	7225	Magnetawan Water Treatment System	Surface Water
186 - Martin Falls	7135	Marten Falls Water Treatment System	Surface Water
219 - Matachewan	7226	Matachewan Water Treatment System	Groundwater
226 - Mattagami	7227	Mattagami Water Treatment System	Groundwater
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	14199	West Bay & Lakeview Water Treatment System	Surface Water
225 - Michipicoten	7180	Michipicoten Water Treatment System	Surface Water
203 - Mishkeegogamang	7190	Mishkeegogamang (New Osnaburgh) Water Treatment System	Surface Water
203 - Mishkeegogamang	7189	Mishkeegogamang (Ten House) Well Water Treatment System	Groundwater
203 - Mishkeegogamang	NEW002	WELL AT ACE LAKE	Groundwater
200 - Mississauga	7146	Mississauga Water Treatment System	Groundwater
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	15899	Mississauga's of Scugog Island Pumphouse #1	Groundwater
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	15900	Mississauga's of Scugog Island Pumphouse #2	Groundwater
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	NEW001	MISSISSAUGAS OF SCUGOG ISLAND PUMPHOUSE #3	Groundwater
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	7211	New Credit Water Distribution System	MTA
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	15919	Aksesasne Corwall Island West Water Treatment System	Surface Water
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	6486	Akwesasne St. Regis Water Treatment System	Surface Water
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	6485	Akwesasne Wade Lafrance Rd. Pumphouse house	GUDI
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	6528	Airport Pumphouse and Treatment Facility	Surface Water
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	NEW001	TOWN OF DESERONTO WATER SYSTEM	MTA
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	7142	Moose Factory Water Treatment System	Surface Water
135 - Moose Deer Point	7160	King Bay & Issac Bay Pumphouse Systems	Surface Water
167 - Moravian of the Thames	7175	Moravian of the Thames Water Treatment System	GUDI
168 - Munsee-Delaware Nation	NEW001	WATER DISTRIBUTION	MTA
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	6542	Muskrat Dam Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
128 - Naicatchewenin	7163	Naicatchewenin Water Treatment System	Surface Water
158 - Naotkamegwanning	6537	Whitefish Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	7137	Neskantaga Water Treatment System	Surface Water
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	7138	Nibinamik Water Treatment System	Surface Water
129 - Nicickousemenecaning	7164	Nicickousemenecaning Water Treatment System	Surface Water
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7191	Nipissing - Arts Lane Water System	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	8076	Nipissing - Beaucage Village Water Treatment System	GUDI
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7212	Nipissing - Business/School Water Treatment System	GUDI
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7195	Nipissing - Dushessnay Well 1	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7196	Nipissing - Dushessnay Well 2, 3 and 4	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7194	Nipissing - Garden Village Water System	GUDI
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7214	Nipissing - Harry Couchie Water Treatment System	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7213	Nipissing - Meadow Site Water Treatment System	Groundwater
220 - Nipissing First Nation	7192	Nipissing - VLA Water System	Groundwater
204 - North Caribou Lake	7233	North Caribou Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
238 - North Spirit Lake	7128	North Spirit Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	7126	Angle Inlet Water Treatment System	Groundwater
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	7127	NWA 33 Dog Paw Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	6483	NWA 37 Regina Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	15901	Windigo Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
235 - Obashkaandagaang	6532	Obashkaandagaang Water Treatment System	Groundwater
235 - Obashkaandagaang		SOUTH END PUMPHOUSE	Groundwater
147 - Ochiichagwebabigoining First Nation	7181	The Dalles Water Treatment System	Surface Water
131 - Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation	7107	Onigaming Water Treatment System	Surface Water
192 - Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation	7185	Pic River Water Treatment System	Groundwater
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	7176	Oneida Water Treatment System	Surface Water
191 - Pays Plat First Nation	7184	Pays Plat Water Treatment System	Surface Water
146 - Peawanuck	7193	Peawanuck Water Treatment System	GUDI
195 - Pic Mobert	15903	Pic Mobert North New Pumphouse Water System	GUDI
195 - Pic Mobert	7187	Pic Mobert South Water Treatment System	Surface Water
208 - Pikangikum	6540	Pikangikum Water Treatment System	Surface Water
236 - Poplar Hill	7129	Poplar Hill Water Treatment System	Surface Water
130 - Rainy River First Nations	7165	Manitou Rapids Water Treatment System	GUDI
193 - Red Rock	7186	Red Rock Water Treatment System	Surface Water
214 - Sachigo Lake	7235	Sachigo Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
179 - Sagamok Anishnawbek	7152	Sagamok Water Treatment System	Groundwater
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	7179	Sandy Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
123 - Saugeen	7210	Town of Saugeen Shores Water Treatment System	MTA
132 - Seine River First Nation	7166	Seine River Water Treatment System	Surface Water
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7148	Serpent River Pumphouse #1	Groundwater
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7149	Serpent River Pumphouse #2	Groundwater
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7150	Serpent River Pumphouse #3	Groundwater
201 - Serpent River First Nation	7151	Serpent River Pumphouse #5	GUDI
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	7198	Shawanaga Water Treatment System	Groundwater
176 - Sheguiandah	7217	Sheguiandah Water Treatment System	Surface Water
178 - Sheshegwaning	7218	Sheshegwaning Water Treatment System	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 2	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 3	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 4	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 5	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 9	Surface Water
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	6534	Shoal Lake 40 Water Treatment System	Surface Water
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	7173	Six Nations Water Treatment System	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		BAND OFFICE PUMPHOUSE	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 1	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 2	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 3	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 4	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 5	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 6	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 7	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 8	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE No. 9	Surface Water
259 - Slate Falls Nation	7232	Slate Falls Water Treatment System	Surface Water
133 - Stanjikoming First Nation	7167	Stanjikoming Water Treatment System	Surface Water
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	7143	New Post Water Treatment System	Groundwater
222 - Temagami First Nation	7197	Bear Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
202 - Thessalon	7153	Thessalon Water Treatment System	Groundwater
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	6531	Wabaseemoong Water Treatment System	Surface Water
156 - Wabauskang First Nation	6535	Wabauskang Water Treatment System	Surface Water
157 - Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation	6536	Wabigoon Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
233 - Wahgoshig	7230	Wahgoshig Water Treatment System	Groundwater
170 - Walpole Island	6538	Walpole Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water
206 - Wapekeka	7169	Wapekeka Water Treatment System	Surface Water
136 - Wasauksing First Nation		COMMUNITY WELL (SODA'S)	Groundwater
136 - Wasauksing First Nation		SIXPLEX WELL	Groundwater
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	7199	Wasauksing (Parry Island) Water Treatment System	Surface Water
234 - Wawakapewin	7168	Wawakapewin Water Treatment System	Groundwater
240 - Webequie First Nation	7136	Webequie Water Treatment System	Surface Water
224 - Whitefish Lake	7145	Whitefish Lake Water System	MTA
230 - Whitefish River	7215	Whitefish River Water Treatment System	Surface Water
190 - Whitesand	17016	Whitesand Water System	MTA
175 - Wikwemikong	7231	Wikwemikong Water Treatment System	Surface Water
217 - Wunnumin	7172	Wunnumin Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water
173 - Zhiibaahaasing First Nation	7216	Zhiibaahaasing Water Treatment System	Surface Water

**Table D.1 - 3: Regional Summary of Water Operator Information (continued)**
First Nation Information	Operator Information
Band Number - Band Name	Primary Operator Exists	Primary Operator Treatment Class	Primary Operator Distribution Class	Secondary Operator Exists	Secondary Operator Treatment Class	Secondary Operator Distribution Class
172 - Aamjiwnaang	NR	Not Required	Not Required	No	Not Required	Not Required
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
242 - Aroland	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	Not Required	No Operator
143 - Attawapiskat	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
180 - Aundeck-Omni-Kaning	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
198 - Batchewana First Nation	NR	Not Required	Not Required	No	Not Required	Not Required
207 - Bearskin Lake	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
141 - Beausoleil	Yes	Level II	Level III	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
141 - Beausoleil	Yes	Level II	Level III	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
124 - Big Grassy	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
228 - Brunswick House	No	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level II	Level II
216 - Cat Lake	No	No Certification	No Certification	No	Not Required	No Operator
221 - Chapleau Cree First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	Level I	Level I
229 - Chapleau Ojibway	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	Level II	Level II
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	Yes	Level II	No Certification	Yes	Level I	No Certification
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
122 - Chippewas of Nawash	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level II	Level I
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Not Required	No Operator
182 - Constance Lake	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
126 - Couchiching First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Not Required	No Certification
161 - Curve Lake	Yes	Level I	Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
237 - Deer Lake	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
218 - Dokis	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	Level I	No Certification
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
148 - Eagle Lake	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
142 - Fort Albany	Yes	Level II	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
215 - Fort Severn	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
187 - Fort William	No	Not Required		No	Not Required
199 - Garden River First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
199 - Garden River First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	Not Required	No Operator
231 - Henvey Inlet First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	Level I
162 - Hiawatha First Nation	Yes	Not Required	No Operator	No	Not Required	No Operator
154 - No. 39 Independent First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	Level I	Level I
210 - Kasabonika Lake	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
243 - Kashechewan	Yes	Level III	Level I	Yes	Level II	Level I
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	No Certification
212 - Kingfisher	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
209 - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
127 - Lac La Croix	Yes	Level II	Level I	No	Not Required	No Operator
205 - Lac Seul	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
205 - Lac Seul	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
205 - Lac Seul	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Not Required	No Certification
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	Not Required
174 - Magnetawan	Yes	Level I	Level I	No	Not Required	No Operator
186 - Martin Falls	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
219 - Matachewan	Yes	Level III	Level III	Yes	Level III	Level III
226 - Mattagami	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	Not Required	No Operator
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	Level II	Level II
225 - Michipicoten	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
203 - Mishkeegogamang	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
203 - Mishkeegogamang	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
203 - Mishkeegogamang	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
200 - Mississauga	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	Level I
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	No Certification	Level I
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	No Certification	Level I
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	No Certification	Level I
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	Yes	Not Required	Level I	Yes	Not Required	Level I
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	Level I	Level I
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	Yes	Not Required	No Certification	Yes	Not Required	No Certification
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	Yes	Level II	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
135 - Moose Deer Point	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
167 - Moravian of the Thames	Yes	Level I	Level II	No	Not Required	No Operator
168 - Munsee-Delaware Nation	NR	Not Required	Not Required	No	Not Required	Not Required
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	Yes	Level I	Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
128 - Naicatchewenin	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
158 - Naotkamegwanning	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	Not Required	No Certification
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	Not Required	No Operator
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
129 - Nicickousemenecaning	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
204 - North Caribou Lake	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
238 - North Spirit Lake	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	Yes	Not Required	No Operator	No	Not Required	No Operator
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	No Certification
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	Level I
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	Level I
235 - Obashkaandagaang	Yes	Level I	Level I	No	Not Required	No Operator
235 - Obashkaandagaang	Yes	Level I	Level I	No	Not Required	No Operator
147 - Ochiichagwebabigoining First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
131 - Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation	Yes	Level II	No Certification	Yes	Level I	No Certification
192 - Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	Level II	Level II
191 - Pays Plat First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
146 - Peawanuck	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
195 - Pic Mobert	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
195 - Pic Mobert	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
208 - Pikangikum	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Operator
236 - Poplar Hill	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
130 - Rainy River First Nations	Yes	Level III	Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
193 - Red Rock	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	Level I	Level II
214 - Sachigo Lake	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level II	No Certification
179 - Sagamok Anishnawbek	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Not Required	No Operator
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
123 - Saugeen	Yes	Not Required	Level II	Yes	Not Required	Level II
132 - Seine River First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	Level I
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	Level I
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	Level I
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	Level I
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	Level I
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	Yes	Level II	No Certification	No	Not Required	No Operator
176 - Sheguiandah	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	Level I	Level I
178 - Sheshegwaning	Yes	No Certification	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	Yes	Level II	Level II	Yes	Level I	Level I
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Operator	Yes	No Certification	No Operator
133 - Stanjikoming First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
222 - Temagami First Nation	Yes	Level II	No Certification	Yes	Level II	No Certification
202 - Thessalon	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	Yes	Level I	Level II	Yes	Level I	Level I
156 - Wabauskang First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
157 - Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation	Yes	Level II	Level I	No	Not Required	No Operator
233 - Wahgoshig	Yes	Level I	Level I	No	Not Required	No Operator
170 - Walpole Island	Yes	Level III	Level II	Yes	Level I	Level I
206 - Wapekeka	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
234 - Wawakapewin	Yes	No Certification	Level I	No	Not Required	No Operator
240 - Webequie First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
224 - Whitefish Lake	Yes	Not Required	Level I	Yes	Not Required	Level I
230 - Whitefish River	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	Level I	No Certification
190 - Whitesand	Yes	Not Required	No Certification	Yes	Not Required	No Certification
175 - Wikwemikong	Yes	Level II	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
217 - Wunnumin	Yes	Level II	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
173 - Zhiibaahaasing First Nation	Yes	Level II	Level I	No	Not Required	No Operator

Appendix D.2 Individual First Nation Wastewater Summary

**Table D.2 - 1: Regional Summary of Wastewater Treatment**
First Nation Information			Wastewater System Information
Band Number - Band Name	System Number	System Name	Const Year	Receiver Name	Treatment Class	Design Capacity [m³/d]	Max Daily Volume [m³/d]
172 - Aamjiwnaang	7735	Aamjiwnaang Wastewater System	1997	MTA	MTA	377.2	377.2
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	7260	Bald Indian Bay Wastewater System	2000	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	171	67
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	7259	Saug-A-Gaw-Sing Wastewater Treatment System	2000	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	77.6	77.6
242 - Aroland	7714	Aroland Wastewater System	1995	Wetland	Level I
143 - Attawapiskat	7717	Attawapiskat Wastewater System	2001	Large River	Level I	1238	1021
198 - Batchewana First Nation	7721	Batchewana Sanitary Main	1996	MTA	MTA
207 - Bearskin Lake	7749	Bearskin Lake Wastewater System	1994	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	135	170
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	7739	Rocky Bay Wastewater System	1987	Lake, Reservoir	Level II	195.8	156
216 - Cat Lake	7751	Cat Lake Wastewater System	1995	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	108	212.5
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island		GEORGINA ISLAND FIRST NATION WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	1992	Tile Field	Small System	1.3
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	7734	Kettle and Stony Point Wastewater System	2000	Creek	Level II	240	107
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	NEW001	WWTP	2007	Tile Field	Small System	9.75	9.75
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	7732	Chippewas of the Thames Wastewater System	2001	Creek	Level III	99.6	49.8
182 - Constance Lake	7708	Constance Lake Wastewater System	1997	Wetland	Level I	685	431
126 - Couchiching First Nation	7724	Town of Fort Frances	1998	MTA	MTA	453	329
237 - Deer Lake	7705	Deer Lake Wastewater System	2001	Lake, Reservoir	Level II	284
218 - Dokis	NEW001	DOKIS WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	2008	Wetland	Level I	6.8
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	7709	Eabametoong Wastewater System	1995	Wetland	Level I	548	548
142 - Fort Albany	7716	Fort Albany Wastewater System	1997	Creek	Level I	730	493
215 - Fort Severn	17014	Fort Severn Wastewater System	1995	Wetland	Level I	84	133
187 - Fort William	7737	Fort William First Nation Wastewater System	1998	Wetland	Level I	190	125
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	7711	Town of Long Lac	1977	MTA	MTA
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	7694	Grassy Narrows Wastewater System	2004	Lake, Reservoir	Level II	256	294
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	7738	Gull Bay Wastewater System	1996	River	Level I	180	195
154 - No. 39 Independent First Nation	7696	Shoal Lake 39 Wastewater System	2000	Lake, Reservoir	Level II	255	80
210 - Kasabonika Lake	7729	Kasabonika Lake Wastewater System	1993	Lake, Reservoir	Level II	200	230
243 - Kashechewan	7720	Kashechewan Wastewater System	1997	Creek	Level I	780	564
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	7704	Keewaywin Wastewater System	2001	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	164	134
212 - Kingfisher	7730	Kingfisher Lake Wastewater System	1996	Wetland	Level I	339	126
209 - Kitchenuh-maykoosib Inninuwug	7700	Big Trout Lake Wastewater System	2002	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	205	160
127 - Lac La Croix	7725	Lac La Croix Wastewater System	2004	River	Level I	86.7	83
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	7710	Town of Long Lac	1985	MTA	MTA
174 - Magnetawan	7746	Magnetawan Wastewater System	1998	River	Level II	70
186 - Martin Falls	7715	Marten Falls Wastewater System	1997	Wetland	Level I	128	104
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	7744	Lakeview Communal Sewage System	1990	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	450	200
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	7745	M'Chigeeng Village Communal Sewage System	1990	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	391	700
203 - Mishkee-gogamang		Teacherage and Nursing Residence Septic System	2000	Tile Field	Small System	unknown	unknown
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation		APARTMENT COMPLEX	1991	Sub-Surface/ Ground	Small System	8
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	7742	New Credit Wastewater System	1997	Creek	Level I	446.5	160
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7486	RBC	1990	Large River	Level I	200	163
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	NEW001	AKWESASNE CHAPMAN ROAD WETLAND TREATMENT SYSTEM	2006	Wetland	Level I	45	45
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	15920	RBC	1995	Large River	Level I	30	23
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7294	No. 59 - Daycare (ARCHIVE)	2000	Sub-Surface/ Ground	Level I	4.7	2.9
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7298	RBC/Lagoon	1991	Wetland	Level I	68	110
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7297	RBC	1990	Large River	Level I	60	52.6
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7293	St.Regis Wastewater Treatment Plant	1991	Large River	Level II	3685	994
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	7649	Town of Deseronto Wastewater System	1997	MTA	MTA	238.6	219.4
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	7718	Moose Factory Wastewater System	1987	Large River	Level II	1875	1660
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	7702	Muskrat Dam Lake Wastewater System	2007	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	159	118.7
128 - Naicatchewenin	7726	Naicatchewenin Wastewater System	1996	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	115.86	80.3
158 - Naotkame-gwanning	7693	Whitefish Bay Wastewater System	1998	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	180	206
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	17015	Neskantaga Wastewater System	2003	Wetland	Level I	250	122
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	7712	Nibinamik Wastewater System	1997	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	175	147
220 - Nipissing First Nation	NEW001	STP	2009	Wetland	Level II	380	69
204 - North Caribou Lake	7748	North Caribou Lake Wastewater System	1997	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	208	257
238 - North Spirit Lake	7706	North Spirit Lake Wastewater System	1999	River	Level II	150.0	116
147 - Ochiicha-gwebabig-oining First Nation	7736	The Dalles Wastewater System	2001	River	Level I	164.8	49.7
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	NEW001	ONEIDA COLLIN RUSSELL WASTEWATER SYSTEM	1994	Creek	Level II	150	36.9
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	7733	Oneida Village Wastewater System	2000	Creek	Level I	66.8	66.8
146 - Peawanuck	7743	Peawanuck Wastewater System	1988	Large River	Level I	98.3	76
208 - Pikangikum	7703	Pikangikum Wastewater System	1985	Wetland	Level I	190	135.4
236 - Poplar Hill	7707	Poplar Hill Wastewater System	1999	River	Level II	218	123
130 - Rainy River First Nations	7727	Manitou Rapids Wastewater System	1995	River	Level I	143	140
214 - Sachigo Lake	7750	Sachigo Lake Wastewater System	2003	Lake, Reservoir	Level I	223	241
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	7740	Sandy Lake Wastewater System	1992	River	Level I	770	754
123 - Saugeen	NEW001	SAUGEEN WASTEWATER SYSTEM	0	Tile Field	Small System	21	21
132 - Seine River First Nation	7723	Seine River Wastewater System	1996	Wetland	Level I	361	138.6
137 - Shawanaga First Nation		TEN-PLEX SEPTIC SYSTEM	0	Tile Field	Small System
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	7731	Six Nations of the Grand River Wastewater System	1999	Creek	Level I	947	900
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	7719	New Post Wastewater System	2009	Large River	Level I	52	42
222 - Temagami First Nation	7741	Bear Island Wastewater System	1998	Wetland	Level I	95	67
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	7695	Wabaseemoong Wastewater System	2001	River	Level II	908	272
170 - Walpole Island	NEW001	ARENA WASTEWATER SYSTEM	1996	River	Small System	unknown	unknown
170 - Walpole Island	7698	Walpole Island Residential Wastewater System	1994	Wetland	Level II	36	36
206 - Wapekeka	7728	Wapekeka Wastewater System	1990	River	Level I	102	141
240 - Webequie First Nation	7713	Webequie Wastewater System	2001	River	Level II	400	263
175 - Wikwemikong	7747	Wikwemikong Wastewater System	1997	Lake, Reservoir	Level II	1970	635

**Table D.2 - 1: Regional Summary of Wastewater Treatment (continued)**
First Nation Information	Wastewater System Information
Band Number - Band Name	Wastewater System Type	Wastewater Treatment Level	Wastewater Disinfection Chlorine	Wastewater Disinfection UV	Discharge Frequency	Wastewater Sludge Treatment
172 - Aamjiwnaang	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	RBC	Secondary	Yes	No	Continuous	Yes
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	RBC	Tertiary	No	Yes	Continuous	Yes
242 - Aroland	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
143 - Attawapiskat	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
198 - Batchewana First Nation	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA
207 - Bearskin Lake	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	Mechanical	Tertiary	Yes	No	Continuous	Yes
216 - Cat Lake	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring	Yes
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Continuous	Yes
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	RBC	Secondary	No	Yes	Continuous	No
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	Other	Secondary	No	No	Other	No
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	SBR	Tertiary	No	Yes	Continuous	Yes
182 - Constance Lake	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
126 - Couchiching First Nation	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA
237 - Deer Lake	RBC	Secondary	Yes		Continuous	Yes
218 - Dokis	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Fall	No
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring	No
142 - Fort Albany	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Continuous	No
215 - Fort Severn	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Fall	No
187 - Fort William	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	RBC	Secondary	Yes	No	Continuous	Yes
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
154 - No. 39 Independent First Nation	Activated Sludge Plant	Tertiary	Yes	Yes	Continuous	Yes
210 - Kasabonika Lake	RBC	Secondary	Yes	No	Continuous	Yes
243 - Kashechewan	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring	No
212 - Kingfisher	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Fall	Yes
209 - Kitchenuh-maykoosib Inninuwug	Faculative lagoon	Secondary			Fall	No
127 - Lac La Croix	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA
174 - Magnetawan	RBC	Secondary	No	No	Continuous	No
186 - Martin Falls	Faculative lagoon	Secondary			Spring	No
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
203 - Mishkee- gogamang	Septic	Primary	No	No	Continuous	No
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	Septic	Primary	No	No	Continuous	No
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	Faculative lagoon	Tertiary	No	No	Other	No
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	RBC	Secondary	No	Yes	Continuous	Yes
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Septic	Primary	No	No	Continuous	No
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	RBC	Secondary	No	Yes	Continuous	Yes
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Other	Primary	No	No	Continuous	No
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	RBC	Secondary	No	Yes	Continuous	Yes
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	RBC	Secondary	No	Yes	Continuous	No
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	RBC	Secondary	No	Yes	Continuous	No
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA	MTA
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	Aerated lagoon	Secondary			Continuous	No
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Fall	No
128 - Naicatchewenin	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
158 - Naotkame- gwanning	RBC	Secondary	Yes	No	Continuous	Yes
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Mechanical	Tertiary	No	Yes	Other	No
204 - North Caribou Lake	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Other	No
238 - North Spirit Lake	RBC	Secondary	Yes		Continuous	No
147 - Ochiicha-gwebabig-oining First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Other	Yes
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	Mechanical	Tertiary	No	Yes	Other	No
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	SBR	Tertiary	No	Yes	Other	Yes
146 - Peawanuck	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring	No
208 - Pikangikum	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring	No
236 - Poplar Hill	RBC	Secondary	Yes	No	Continuous	No
130 - Rainy River First Nations	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
214 - Sachigo Lake	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
123 - Saugeen	Mechanical	Secondary	No	No	Continuous	No
132 - Seine River First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	Septic	Primary	No	No	Continuous	No
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Continuous	No
222 - Temagami First Nation	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring	Yes
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	RBC	Secondary	No	Yes	Continuous	Yes
170 - Walpole Island	Mechanical	Tertiary	No	Yes	Continuous	No
170 - Walpole Island	Mechanical	Tertiary	No	Yes	Continuous	No
206 - Wapekeka	Faculative lagoon	Secondary	No	No	Spring, fall	No
240 - Webequie First Nation	RBC	Secondary	No	Yes	Continuous	Yes
175 - Wikwemikong	RBC	Secondary	Yes	No	Continuous	Yes

Appendix D.2 Individual First Nation Wastewater Summary (continued)

**Table D.2 - 2: Regional Summary of Wastewater Collection Systems, Effluent Quality and Operators**
First Nation Information			Collection System Information
Band Number - Band Name	System Number	System Name	Collection Type	Collection Class	Pop. Served	Homes Piped	Homes Trucked
172 - Aamjiwnaang	7735	Aamjiwnaang Wastewater System	Piped, Low Pressure	MTA	909	221	0
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	7260	Bald Indian Bay Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	285	58	15
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	7259	Saug-A-Gaw-Sing Wastewater Treatment System	Piped	Level I	175	30	0
242 - Aroland	7714	Aroland Wastewater System	Piped	Small System	334	111	0
143 - Attawapiskat	7717	Attawapiskat Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	1909	280	0
198 - Batchewana First Nation	7721	Batchewana Sanitary Main	Piped	MTA	538	182	0
207 - Bearskin Lake	7749	Bearskin Lake Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	428	40	112
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	7739	Rocky Bay Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level II	345	78	0
216 - Cat Lake	7751	Cat Lake Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	512	109	0
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island		GEORGINA ISLAND FIRST NATION WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	Trucked	Small System	202	0	0
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	7734	Kettle and Stony Point Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	288	85	0
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	NEW001	WWTP	Piped	NA	30	1	0
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	7732	Chippewas of the Thames Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	70	21	0
182 - Constance Lake	7708	Constance Lake Wastewater System	Piped	Level II	842	246	0
126 - Couchiching First Nation	7724	Town of Fort Frances	Piped, Trucked	Level II	762	225	1
237 - Deer Lake	7705	Deer Lake Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	968	54	137
218 - Dokis	NEW001	DOKIS WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	Trucked	NA	178	0	95
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	7709	Eabametoong Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	1451	267	0
142 - Fort Albany	7716	Fort Albany Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	1210	171	0
215 - Fort Severn	17014	Fort Severn Wastewater System	Trucked	NA	602	0	112
187 - Fort William	7737	Fort William First Nation Wastewater System	Piped	Level II	300	79	0
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	7711	Town of Long Lac	Piped	Small System	208	66	0
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	7694	Grassy Narrows Wastewater System	Piped	Level II	798	187	0
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	7738	Gull Bay Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	470	75	0
154 - NO. 39 Independent First Nation	7696	Shoal Lake 39 Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	198	78	8
210 - Kasabonika Lake	7729	Kasabonika Lake Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	930	166	28
243 - Kashechewan	7720	Kashechewan Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	1575	248	0
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	7704	Keewaywin Wastewater System	Piped, Low Pressure	Level I	504	82	0
212 - Kingfisher	7730	Kingfisher Lake Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	489	79	49
209 - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug	7700	Big Trout Lake Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	905	87	186
127 - Lac La Croix	7725	Lac La Croix Wastewater System	Piped, Low Pressure	Level I	283	81	0
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	7710	Town of Long Lac	Piped	Level I	432	116	0
174 - Magnetawan	7746	Magnetawan Wastewater System	Piped, Low Pressure	Level I	92	32	0
186 - Martin Falls	7715	Marten Falls Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	288	91	0
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	7744	Lakeview Communal Sewage System	Piped, Low Pressure	Level II	246	101	0
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	7745	M'Chigeeng Village Communal Sewage System	Piped, Low Pressure	Level II	314	132	0
203 - Mishkeegogamang		Teacherage and Nursing Residence Septic System	Piped	Small System	36	9	0
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation		APARTMENT COMPLEX	Piped	Small System	9	0	0
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	7742	New Credit Wastewater System	Piped	Level II	381	71	17
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7486	RBC	Piped	Level I	461	64	0
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	NEW001	AKWESASNE CHAPMAN ROAD WETLAND TREATMENT SYSTEM	Piped	Level I	108	15	0
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	15920	RBC	Piped	Level I	7	1	0
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7294	NO. 59 - Daycare (ARCHIVE)	Piped, Low Pressure	Level I	7	1	0
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7298	RBC/Lagoon	Piped, Low Pressure	Level I	266	37	0
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7297	RBC	Piped, Low Pressure	Level I	36	5	0
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	7293	St.Regis Wastewater Treatment Plant	Piped	Level II	2520	350	0
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	7649	Town of Deseronto Wastewater System	Piped	Level II	707	257	0
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	7718	Moose Factory Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	2570	469	0
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	7702	Muskrat Dam Lake Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	286	88	0
128 - Naicatchewenin	7726	Naicatchewenin Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	266	83	0
158 - Naotkamegwanning	7693	Whitefish Bay Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	565	120	0
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	17015	Neskantaga Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	333	85	0
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	7712	Nibinamik Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	354	101	0
220 - Nipissing First Nation	NEW001	STP	Piped	Level I	286	106	0
204 - North Caribou Lake	7748	North Caribou Lake Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	834	179	88
238 - North Spirit Lake	7706	North Spirit Lake Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	450	40	38
147 - Ochiichagwebabigoining First Nation	7736	The Dalles Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	124	45	0
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	NEW001	ONEIDA COLLIN RUSSELL WASTEWATER SYSTEM	Piped	Level I	89	21	0
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	7733	Oneida Village Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	161	38	0
146 - Peawanuck	7743	Peawanuck Wastewater System	Piped	Level II	295	70	0
208 - Pikangikum	7703	Pikangikum Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	104	3	20
236 - Poplar Hill	7707	Poplar Hill Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	502	25	73
130 - Rainy River First Nations	7727	Manitou Rapids Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	478	80	0
214 - Sachigo Lake	7750	Sachigo Lake Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	534	128	37
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	7740	Sandy Lake Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	2501	260	140
123 - Saugeen	NEW001	SAUGEEN WASTEWATER SYSTEM	Piped	Small System	51	17	0
132 - Seine River First Nation	7723	Seine River Wastewater System	Piped	Level II	334	78	0
137 - Shawanaga First Nation		TEN-PLEX SEPTIC SYSTEM	Piped	NA	25	10	0
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	7731	Six Nations of the Grand River Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	1660	301	100
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	7719	New Post Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	100	24	0
222 - Temagami First Nation	7741	Bear Island Wastewater System	Piped, Low Pressure	Level I	226	68	0
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	7695	Wabaseemoong Wastewater System	Piped	Level II	864	195	0
170 - Walpole Island	NEW001	ARENA WASTEWATER SYSTEM	Piped	Small System	0	2	0
170 - Walpole Island	7698	Walpole Island Residential Wastewater System	Low Pressure	Small System	86	25	0
206 - Wapekeka	7728	Wapekeka Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	439	95	12
240 - Webequie First Nation	7713	Webequie Wastewater System	Piped, Trucked	Level I	712	200	8
175 - Wikwemikong	7747	Wikwemikong Wastewater System	Piped	Level I	1951	585	0

**Table D.2 - 2: Regional Summary of Wastewater Collection Systems, Effluent Quality and Operators (continued)**
First Nation Information	Collection System Information					Effluent Quality
Band Number - Band Name	No. of Trucks in Service	Pipe Length	Pipe Length / Connection	Low Pressure Sewer	No. of Pumping Stations	Meets Federal Guidelines (1976)	Cause of Failure
172 - Aamjiwnaang	0	8000	36	Yes	3	MTA	MTA
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	1	1471.5	25	No	2	Meets Requirements	Unknown
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	0	1760	58	No	1	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation
242 - Aroland	0	3262	29	No	0	Meets Requirements	Unknown
143 - Attawapiskat	0	7526	26	No	2	Meets Requirements	Unknown
198 - Batchewana First Nation	0	2625	14	No		MTA	MTA
207 - Bearskin Lake	2	800.4	20	No	1	Meets Requirements	Unknown
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek		1537	19	No	1	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation
216 - Cat Lake	0	5715.3	52	No	2	Unknown	Unknown
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	2			No		Unknown	Unknown
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	0	3753.1	44	No	1	Meets Requirements	Unknown
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	0			No	1	Unknown	Unknown
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	0	2146.5	102	No	2	High Freq, Low Mag	Unknown
182 - Constance Lake	0	6666	27	No	4	Unknown	Unknown
126 - Couchiching First Nation	0	5386	23	No	3	MTA	MTA
237 - Deer Lake	2	1427	26	No	4	High Freq OR High Mag	Unknown
218 - Dokis	1			No		Unknown	Unknown
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	0	6139	22	No	4	Meets Requirements	Unknown
142 - Fort Albany	0	5065.7	29	No	3	Unknown	Unknown
215 - Fort Severn	2			No		Unknown	Unknown
187 - Fort William	0	3102.4	39	No	2	High Freq OR High Mag	Operation
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	0	3100	46	No	2	MTA	MTA
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	0	6189	33	No	5	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	0	2661.2	35	No	1	Unknown	Unknown
154 - No. 39 Independent First Nation	0	2444	31	No	2	Meets Requirements	Unknown
210 - Kasabonika Lake	1	4835	29	No	4	High Freq OR High Mag	Design & Operation
243 - Kashechewan	0	7807.2	31	No	3	Unknown	Unknown
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	0			Yes	1	Unknown	Unknown
212 - Kingfisher	1	1907	24	No	1	Unknown	Unknown
209 - Kitchenuh- maykoosib Inninuwug	3	3196.1	36	No	5	Unknown	Unknown
127 - Lac La Croix	0	2298.5	28	Yes	1	Unknown	Unknown
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	0	5834	50	No	2	MTA	MTA
174 - Magnetawan	0	1060	33	Yes	1	Low Freq, Low Mag	Unknown
186 - Martin Falls	0	2320	25	No	2	Unknown	Unknown
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	0	1815	17	Yes	1	Unknown	Unknown
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	0	5118.4	38	Yes	1	Unknown	Unknown
203 - Mishkeegogamang	0			No	1	Meets Requirements	Unknown
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	0			No	0	Unknown	Unknown
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	0	4088	57	No	3	Meets Requirements	Unknown
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	0	985	15	No	1	High Freq AND High Mag	Operation
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	0			No	0	Unknown	Unknown
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	0			No	1	Meets Requirements	Unknown
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	0			Yes	1	Unknown	Unknown
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	0	508	13	Yes	2	High Freq AND High Mag	Operation
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	0	472	94	Yes	1	High Freq AND High Mag	Operation
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	0	5328	15	No	4	Meets Requirements	Unknown
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	0	7662	29	No	9	MTA	MTA
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	0	12275	26	No	4	High Freq, Low Mag	Operation
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	0	6139	69	No	5	Unknown	Unknown
128 - Naicatchewenin	0	2130	25	No	2	Meets Requirements	Unknown
158 - Naotkamegwanning	0	3877	32	No	2	Low Freq, Low Mag	Design & Operation
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	0	2950	34	No	2	Meets Requirements	Unknown
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	0	3250	32	No	2	Unknown	Unknown
220 - Nipissing First Nation	0	5313	50	No	1	Meets Requirements	Unknown
204 - North Caribou Lake	2	4773.8	26	No	4	High Freq AND High Mag	Design & Operation
238 - North Spirit Lake	1	1152	28	No	3	High Freq AND High Mag	Operation
147 - Ochiichagwe- babigoining First Nation	0	1685	37	No	2	Unknown	Unknown
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	0	758.03	36	No	3	Unknown	Unknown
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	0	1819.1	47	No	1	Unknown	Unknown
146 - Peawanuck	0	2635	37	No	1	Unknown	Unknown
208 - Pikangikum	1	744	248	No	2	Meets Requirements	Unknown
236 - Poplar Hill	1	1225	49	No	0	High Freq AND High Mag	Operation
130 - Rainy River First Nations	0	2633	32	No	3	High Freq OR High Mag	Unknown
214 - Sachigo Lake	1	6543	51	No	2	Unknown	Unknown
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	3	10673	41	No	5	Unknown	Unknown
123 - Saugeen	0			No	0	Unknown	Unknown
132 - Seine River First Nation	0	3456.9	44	No	1	Unknown	Unknown
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	0			No	0	Unknown	Unknown
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	3	4891.3	16	No	6	Unknown	Unknown
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	0	1229	51	No	0	Unknown	Unknown
222 - Temagami First Nation	0	2973	43	Yes	1	Meets Requirements	Unknown
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	0	5356.4	27	No	7	Low Freq, Low Mag	Operation
170 - Walpole Island	0			No	0	Meets Requirements	Unknown
170 - Walpole Island	0			Yes	0	Unknown	Unknown
206 - Wapekeka	1	2603	27	No	2	Unknown	Unknown
240 - Webequie First Nation	1	3144	15	No	2	High Freq AND High Mag	Operation
175 - Wikwemikong	0	14801	25	No	2	High Freq AND High Mag	Design & Operation

**Table D.2 - 2: Regional Summary of Wastewater Collection Systems, Effluent Quality and Operators (continued)**
First Nation Information	Operator Information
Band Number - Band Name	Primary Operator Exists	Primary Operator Treatment Class	Primary Operator Collection Class	Secondary Operator Exists	Secondary Operator Treatment Class	Secondary Operator Collection Class
172 - Aamjiwnaang	NR	Not Required	Not Required	No	Not Required	Not Required
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
242 - Aroland	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
143 - Attawapiskat	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
198 - Batchewana First Nation	NR	Not Required	Not Required	No	Not Required	Not Required
207 - Bearskin Lake	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
216 - Cat Lake	No	No Operator	No Operator	No	No Operator	No Operator
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	Yes	No Certification	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	Yes	Level Level II	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	Yes	Level Level II	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
182 - Constance Lake	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
126 - Couchiching First Nation	Yes	Not Required	Not Required	Yes	Not Required	Not Required
237 - Deer Lake	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
218 - Dokis	Yes	No Certification	No Operator	Yes	No Certification	No Operator
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
142 - Fort Albany	No	No Operator	No Operator	No	No Operator	No Operator
215 - Fort Severn	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
187 - Fort William	No	No Operator	No Operator	No	No Operator	No Operator
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	Yes	Not Required	Not Required	Yes	Not Required	Not Required
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
154 - Iskatewizaagegan No. 39 Independent First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
210 - Kasabonika Lake	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
243 - Kashechewan	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	No	No Operator	No Operator	No	No Operator	No Operator
212 - Kingfisher	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
209 - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
127 - Lac La Croix	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	Yes	Not Required	Not Required	No	Not Required	Not Required
174 - Magnetawan	Yes	Level I	Level I	No	No Operator	No Operator
186 - Martin Falls	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	Yes	Level Level II	Level Level II	Yes	Level Level II	Level Level II
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	Yes	Level Level II	Level Level II	Yes	Level Level II	Level Level II
203 - Mishkeegogamang	No	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level Level II	Level Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	Yes	Not Required	Not Required	Yes	Not Required	Not Required
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	No	No Operator	No Operator	No	No Operator	No Operator
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	No	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Certification	No Certification
128 - Naicatchewenin	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
158 - Naotkamegwanning	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
204 - North Caribou Lake	Yes	Level I	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
238 - North Spirit Lake	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
147 - Ochiichagwe- babigoining First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	Yes	Level I	Level Level II	Yes	Level I	Level Level II
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	Yes	Level I	Level Level II	Yes	Level I	Level Level II
146 - Peawanuck	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
208 - Pikangikum	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
236 - Poplar Hill	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
130 - Rainy River First Nations	Yes	Level I	Level Level II	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
214 - Sachigo Lake	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
123 - Saugeen	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
132 - Seine River First Nation	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	No	No Operator	No Operator	No	No Operator	No Operator
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	Yes	Level I	Level I	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
222 - Temagami First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	No	No Operator	No Operator
170 - Walpole Island	No	No Operator	No Operator	No	No Operator	No Operator
170 - Walpole Island	No	No Operator	No Operator	No	No Operator	No Operator
206 - Wapekeka	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
240 - Webequie First Nation	Yes	No Certification	No Certification	Yes	No Certification	No Certification
175 - Wikwemikong	Yes	Level Level II	Level I	Yes	Level I	Level I

Appendix E - Risk Summary

Appendix E.1 Individual First Nation Water Risk Summary

**Legend**
	Risk Level
High Risk	8.0 - 10.0
Medium Risk	5.0 - 7.0
Low Risk	1.0 - 4.0

**Table E.1: Individual First Nation Water Risk Summary**
Band Number	Band Name	System Number	System Name	Water Source	Treatment Class	Source Risk	Design Risk	Operations Risk	Report Risk	Operator Risk	Final Risk Score
242	Aroland	7130	Aroland Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	4.0	1.0	8.0	6.0	7.0	5.1
141	Beausoleil	7159	Cedar Point Water Treatment System	Groundwater	Level I	6.0	1.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
229	Chapleau Ojibway	7229	Chapleau Ojibwe Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	6.0	2.0	3.0	5.0	1.0	2.8
218	Dokis	7222	Dokis Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	9.0	6.0	8.0	8.0	1.0	8.0
199	Garden River First Nation	NEW001	ECHO RIVER WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	Ground- water	Level I	7.0	5.0	7.0	8.0	1.0	5.3
199	Garden River First Nation	7147	Garden River Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	7.0	8.0	6.0	6.0	1.0	5.7
231	Henvey Inlet First Nation	7224	Henvey Inlet Pumphouse #2 Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	6.0	2.0	8.0	7.0	4.0	8.0
162	Hiawatha First Nation	NEW002	HIAWATHA APARTMENT COMPLEX	Ground- water	Small System	6.0	8.0	5.0	4.0	1.0	5.1
205	Lac Seul	15905	Kejick Bay Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	7.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	9.0	8.6
205	Lac Seul	15906	Whitefish Bay Water Treatment System	Ground- water	None	7.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	8.0	8.1
219	Matachewan	7226	Matachewan Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	4.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.6
226	Mattagami	7227	Mattagami Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	3.0	3.0	8.0	10.0	6.0	5.8
203	Mishkee- gogamang	7189	Mishkee- gogamang (Ten House) Well Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level II	6.0	8.0	8.0	4.0	6.0	8.0
203	Mishkee- gogamang	NEW002	WELL AT ACE LAKE	Ground- water	Level I	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	6.0	8.0
200	Mississ- auga	7146	Mississauga Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level II	7.0	4.0	6.0	10.0	4.0	5.5
140	Mississ- augas of Scugog Island First Nation	15899	Mississauga's of Scugog Island Pumphouse #1	Ground- water	Small System	4.0	8.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	3.7
140	Mississ- augas of Scugog Island First Nation	15900	Mississauga's of Scugog Island Pumphouse #2	Ground- water	Small System	4.0	1.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	3.4
140	Mississ- augas of Scugog Island First Nation	NEW001	MISSISS- AUGAS OF SCUGOG ISLAND PUMPHOUSE #3	Ground- water	Small System	4.0	2.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	3.7
220	Nipissing First Nation	7191	Nipissing - Arts Lane Water System	Ground- water	Level I	7.0	3.0	5.0	9.0	1.0	4.2
220	Nipissing First Nation	7195	Nipissing - Dushessnay Well 1	Ground- water	Level I	7.0	8.0	7.0	9.0	1.0	6.3
220	Nipissing First Nation	7196	Nipissing - Dushessnay Well 2, 3 and 4	Ground- water	Level I	6.0	4.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	5.4
220	Nipissing First Nation	7214	Nipissing - Harry Couchie Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	9.0	8.0	6.0	9.0	1.0	6.2
220	Nipissing First Nation	7213	Nipissing - Meadow Site Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	7.0	8.0	8.0	9.0	1.0	8.0
220	Nipissing First Nation	7192	Nipissing - VLA Water System	Ground- water	Level I	9.0	8.0	8.0	9.0	1.0	6.8
151	Northwest Angle No.33	7126	Angle Inlet Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level II	6.0	7.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	8.0
235	Obashka- andagaang	6532	Obashkaan- dagaang Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Small System	6.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
235	Obashka- andagaang		SOUTH END PUMPHOUSE	Ground- water	Small System	6.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
192	Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation	7185	Pic River Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level II	5.0	5.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
179	Sagamok Anishn- awbek	7152	Sagamok Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	5.0	2.0	4.0	9.0	1.0	3.4
201	Serpent River First Nation	7148	Serpent River Pumphouse #1	Ground- water	Level I	8.0	4.0	8.0	10.0	3.0	6.0
201	Serpent River First Nation	7149	Serpent River Pumphouse #2	Ground- water	Level II	7.0	4.0	10.0	10.0	3.0	6.5
201	Serpent River First Nation	7150	Serpent River Pumphouse #3	Ground- water	Level I	6.0	4.0	10.0	10.0	3.0	8.0
137	Shawanaga First Nation	7198	Shawanaga Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level II	10.0	5.0	8.0	10.0	3.0	6.5
145	Taykwa Tagamou Nation	7143	New Post Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	3.0	8.0	8.0	9.0	5.0	8.0
202	Thessalon	7153	Thessalon Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	9.0	8.0	8.0	6.0	5.0	8.0
233	Wahgoshig	7230	Wahgoshig Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Level I	2.0	1.0	8.0	9.0	1.0	4.0
136	Wasauksing First Nation		COMMUNITY WELL (SODA'S)	Ground- water	None	6.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
136	Wasauksing First Nation		SIXPLEX WELL	Ground- water	Small System	5.0	4.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
234	Wawak- apewin	7168	Wawakapewin Water Treatment System	Ground- water	Small System	7.0	7.0	6.0	10.0	8.0	7.2
125	Anishn- aabeg of Naong- ashiing	6482	Saug-A-Gaw-Sing Water Treatment System	Ground- water GUDI	Level II	8.0	4.0	10.0	8.0	7.0	7.2
221	Chapleau Cree First Nation	7139	Chapleau Cree Water Treatment System	Ground- water GUDI	Level II	10.0	8.0	8.0	5.0	1.0	6.5
166	Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	7174	Chippewas of the Thames Water Treatment System	Ground- water GUDI	Level I	9.0	9.0	3.0	5.0	1.0	5.2
161	Curve Lake	7201	Curve Lake Water Treatment System	Ground- water GUDI	Level I	10.0	8.0	5.0	10.0	1.0	6.1
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	6485	Akwesasne Wade Lafrance Rd. Pumphouse house	Ground- water GUDI	Level I	10.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	7.0
167	Moravian of the Thames	7175	Moravian of the Thames Water Treatment System	Ground- water GUDI	Level I	10.0	8.0	8.0	7.0	1.0	8.0
220	Nipissing First Nation	8076	Nipissing - Beaucage Village Water Treatment System	Ground- water GUDI	Level I	10.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
220	Nipissing First Nation	7212	Nipissing - Business/ School Water Treatment System	Ground- water GUDI	None	9.0	8.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	8.6
220	Nipissing First Nation	7194	Nipissing - Garden Village Water System	Ground- water GUDI	Level II	10.0	8.0	1.0	4.0	2.0	4.5
146	Peawanuck	7193	Peawanuck Water Treatment System	Ground- water GUDI	Level I	8.0	5.0	9.0	10.0	4.0	8.0
195	Pic Mobert	15903	Pic Mobert North New Pumphouse Water System	Ground- water GUDI	Level I	10.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	2.0	8.0
130	Rainy River First Nations	7165	Manitou Rapids Water Treatment System	Ground- water GUDI	Level III	9.0	8.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	6.0
201	Serpent River First Nation	7151	Serpent River Pumphouse #5	Ground- water GUDI	Level II	10.0	4.0	9.0	10.0	3.0	8.0
172	Aamjiw- naang	7178	Aamjiwnaang Water System	MTA	MTA	2.0	2.0	1.0	10.0	1.0	2.3
198	Batchewana First Nation	7154	Ojibways of Batchewana Water System (MTA)	MTA	MTA	2.0	1.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.7
126	Couchiching First Nation	7161	Town of Fort Frances	MTA	MTA	1.0	2.0	2.0	7.0	1.0	2.2
187	Fort William	7182	Thunder Bay Water Treatment System	MTA	MTA	3.0	1.0	6.0	8.0	1.0	3.4
185	Ginoog- aming First Nation	7134	Town of Long Lac Water Treatment System	MTA	MTA	1.0	1.0	8.0	10.0	6.0	5.0
184	Long Lake No.58 First Nation	7133	Town of Long Lac Water Treatment System	MTA	MTA	2.0	1.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	5.9
120	Mississ- augas of the Credit	7211	New Credit Water Distribution System	MTA	MTA	1.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	1.0	8.0
164	Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	NEW001	TOWN OF DESERONTO WATER SYSTEM	MTA	MTA	1.0	3.0	6.0	1.0	1.0	3.1
168	Munsee-Delaware Nation	NEW001	WATER DISTRI- BUTION	MTA	MTA	1.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	1.0	8.0
123	Saugeen	7210	Town of Saugeen Shores Water Treatment System	MTA	MTA	5.0	1.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	1.7
224	Whitefish Lake	7145	Whitefish Lake Water System	MTA	MTA	1.0	8.0	4.0	4.0	1.0	4.3
190	Whitesand	17016	Whitesand Water System	MTA	MTA	3.0	2.0	5.0	10.0	2.0	3.8
153	Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	15902	Bald Indian Bay Water Treatment Plant	Surface Water	Level I	7.0	8.0	6.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
153	Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	6484	Wauzhushk Onigum Water Treatment Unit - 2nd Portage	Surface Water	Level I	9.0	8.0	4.0	10.0	1.0	5.7
143	Attawa- piskat	7141	Attawapiskat Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	9.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	2.0	7.7
180	Aundeck-Omni-Kaning	7219	Sucker Creek Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	2.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	4.1
207	Bearskin Lake	7234	Bearskin Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	5.0	8.0	8.0	2.0	5.9
141	Beausoleil	7158	Christian Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	7.0	2.0	8.0	5.0	1.0	8.0
124	Big Grassy	6466	Big Grassy Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	2.0	8.0	8.0	1.0	4.8
197	Biinjiti- waabik Zaaging Anishin- aabek	7188	Rocky Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	1.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	3.8
228	Brunswick House	7228	Brunswick House Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	8.0	1.0	8.0	10.0	9.0	6.3
216	Cat Lake	7236	Cat Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	8.0	4.0	8.0	6.0	10.0	7.0
138	Chippewas of Georgina Island	7157	Georgina Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	6.0	2.0	5.0	9.0	5.6
171	Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	7177	Kettle and Stony Point Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	10.0	5.0	8.0	2.0	1.0	5.3
122	Chippewas of Nawash	7203	Neyaashii- nigmiing Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	3.0	8.0	8.0	2.0	8.0
182	Constance Lake	7131	Constance Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	10.0	8.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	8.0
237	Deer Lake	6545	Deer Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	10.0	5.0	8.0	3.0	4.0	6.0
183	Eabam- etoong First Nation	7132	Eabame- toong Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	8.0	8.0	2.0	2.0	6.2
148	Eagle Lake	6529	Eagle Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	10.0	3.0	8.0	9.0	1.0	8.0
142	Fort Albany	7140	Fort Albany Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	3.0	8.0	7.0	1.0	8.0
215	Fort Severn	6544	Fort Severn Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	8.0	9.0	5.0	4.0	7.2
149	Grassy Narrows First Nation	6530	Grassy Narrows Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	8.0	2.0	8.0	1.0	8.0
188	Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishin- aabek)	7183	Gull Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	9.0	8.0	9.0	9.0	6.0	8.1
154	Iskatewi- zaagegan No. 39 Indep- endent First Nat	6533	Shoal Lake 39 Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	7.0	3.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	2.8
210	Kasabonika Lake	7170	Kasabonika Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	4.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	5.0
243	Kashe- chewan	7144	Kashechewan Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	10.0	4.0	8.0	6.0	1.0	5.4
325	Kee-Way-Win First Nation	17010	Keewaywin's New Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	7.0	3.0	8.0	2.0	3.0	4.8
212	Kingfisher	7171	Kingfisher Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	2.0	4.0	2.0	6.0	4.0
209	Kitchenuh- maykoosib Inninuwug	6541	Kitchenuh- maykoosib Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	2.0	8.0	6.0	6.0	5.6
127	Lac La Croix	7162	Lac La Croix Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	8.0	6.0	9.0	10.0	1.0	6.5
205	Lac Seul	6539	Frenchman's Head Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	8.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	6.3
174	Magnetawan	7225	Magnetawan Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	10.0	3.0	8.0	10.0	4.0	8.0
186	Martin Falls	7135	Marten Falls Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	8.0	8.0	4.0	9.0	8.0
181	M'Chigeeng First Nation	14199	West Bay & Lakeview Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	3.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	5.3
225	Michipicoten	7180	Michipicoten Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	3.0	8.0	8.0	1.0	5.1
203	Mishkee- gogamang	7190	Mishkee- gogamang (New Osnaburgh) Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	8.0	4.0	2.0	6.0	5.8
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	15919	Aksesasne Corwall Island West Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	9.0	1.0	1.0	4.0	1.0	2.1
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	6486	Akwesasne St. Regis Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	9.0	1.0	8.0	3.0	2.0	4.3
164	Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	6528	Airport Pumphouse and Treatment Facility	Surface Water	Level I	9.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	5.0	8.0
144	Moose Cree First Nation	7142	Moose Factory Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	10.0	3.0	8.0	9.0	1.0	8.0
135	Moose Deer Point	7160	King Bay & Issac Bay Pumphouse Systems	Surface Water	Level II	6.0	8.0	1.0	3.0	1.0	3.8
213	Muskrat Dam Lake	6542	Muskrat Dam Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	10.0	10.0	8.0	2.0	8.0
128	Naicatch- ewenin	7163	Naicatch- ewenin Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	9.0	8.0	6.0	4.0	1.0	5.7
158	Naotkame- gwanning	6537	Whitefish Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	6.0	10.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
239	Neskantaga First Nation	7137	Neskantaga Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	9.0	8.0	8.0	6.0	8.0	7.9
241	Nibinamik First Nation	7138	Nibinamik Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	9.0	9.0	6.0	9.0	6.0	7.5
129	Nicickou- semene- caning	7164	Nicickou- semene- caning Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	8.0	3.0	3.0	1.0	4.7
204	North Caribou Lake	7233	North Caribou Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	9.0	4.0	8.0	10.0	4.0	6.3
238	North Spirit Lake	7128	North Spirit Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	8.0	6.0	8.0	8.0	2.0	6.2
151	Northwest Angle No.33	7127	NWA 33 Dog Paw Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	10.0	2.0	3.0	8.0	3.0	3.9
152	Northwest Angle No.37	6483	NWA 37 Regina Bay Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	4.0	3.0	5.0	8.0	5.1
152	Northwest Angle No.37	15901	Windigo Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	6.0	7.9
147	Ochiicha- gwebab- igoining First Nation	7181	The Dalles Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	1.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	2.3
131	Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation	7107	Onigaming Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	7.0	1.0	1.0	7.0	1.0	2.2
169	Oneida Nation of the Thames	7176	Oneida Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	10.0	9.0	9.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
191	Pays Plat First Nation	7184	Pays Plat Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	8.0	3.0	8.0	10.0	4.0	5.9
195	Pic Mobert	7187	Pic Mobert South Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	2.0	8.4
208	Pikangikum	6540	Pikangikum Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	5.0	9.0	7.0	1.0	8.0
236	Poplar Hill	7129	Poplar Hill Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	10.0	8.0	5.0	10.0	6.0	7.1
193	Red Rock	7186	Red Rock Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	1.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	4.1
214	Sachigo Lake	7235	Sachigo Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	6.0	8.0	6.0	4.0	6.5
211	Sandy Lake First Nation	7179	Sandy Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
132	Seine River First Nation	7166	Seine River Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	6.0	8.0	7.0	1.0	5.9
176	Shegui- andah	7217	Sheguiandah Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	4.0	3.0	5.0	4.0	4.3
178	Sheshe- gwaning	7218	Sheshe- gwaning Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	5.0	8.0	7.0	4.0	8.0
155	Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 2	Surface Water	Small System	9.0	8.0	7.0	10.0	5.0	8.0
155	Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 3	Surface Water	Small System	9.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	5.0	8.0
155	Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 4	Surface Water	Small System	9.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	5.0	7.7
155	Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 5	Surface Water	Small System	9.0	8.0	7.0	10.0	5.0	8.0
155	Shoal Lake No. 40		SHOAL LAKE 40 PUMPHOUSE 9	Surface Water	Small System	9.0	8.0	7.0	10.0	5.0	8.0
155	Shoal Lake No. 40	6534	Shoal Lake 40 Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Small System	9.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	5.0	8.0
121	Six Nations of the Grand River	7173	Six Nations Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	9.0	8.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		BAND OFFICE PUMPHOUSE	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE NO. 1	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE NO. 2	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE NO. 3	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE NO. 4	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE NO. 5	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE NO. 6	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE NO. 7	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE NO. 8	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation		PUMPHOUSE NO. 9	Surface Water	Small System	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	8.0
259	Slate Falls Nation	7232	Slate Falls Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	8.0	4.0	10.0	10.0	6.0	7.2
133	Stanji- koming First Nation	7167	Stanjikoming Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	10.0	8.0	5.0	9.0	1.0	6.0
222	Temagami First Nation	7197	Bear Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	2.0	8.0	6.0	1.0	4.6
150	Wabasee- moong Independent Nations	6531	Wabasee- moong Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	8.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	3.0	2.4
156	Wabaus- kang First Nation	6535	Wabauskang Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	2.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	6.2
157	Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation	6536	Wabigoon Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	4.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.7
170	Walpole Island	6538	Walpole Island Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level III	9.0	3.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	8.0
206	Wapekeka	7169	Wapekeka Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	4.0	8.0	2.0	4.0	5.4
136	Wasauksing First Nation	7199	Wasauksing (Parry Island) Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	8.0	6.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	6.2
240	Webequie First Nation	7136	Webequie Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	3.0	10.0	1.0	6.0	8.0
230	Whitefish River	7215	Whitefish River Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	9.0	5.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	3.3
175	Wikwe- mikong	7231	Wikwemikong Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	10.0	4.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	5.2
217	Wunnumin	7172	Wunnumin Lake Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level II	8.0	2.0	6.0	8.0	1.0	4.2
173	Zhiibaa- haasing First Nation	7216	Zhiibaa- haasing Water Treatment System	Surface Water	Level I	10.0	8.0	6.0	7.0	1.0	6.1

Appendix E.2 Individual First Nation Wastewater Risk Summary

**Legend**
	Risk Level
High Risk	8.0 - 10.0
Medium Risk	5.0 - 7.0
Low Risk	1.0 - 4.0

**Table E.2: Individual First Nation Wastewater Risk Summary**
Band Number	Band Name	System Number	System Name	Receiver Type	Treatment Class	Effluent Risk	Design Risk	Operations Risk	Report Risk	Operator Risk	Final Risk Score
171	Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	7734	Kettle and Stony Point Wastewater System	Creek	Level II	10.0	2.0	5.0	4.0	5.0	5.1
166	Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	7732	Chippewas of the Thames Wastewater System	Creek	Level III	8.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
142	Fort Albany	7716	Fort Albany Wastewater System	Creek	Level I	9.0	4.0	9.0	10.0	10.0	8.0
243	Kashe- chewan	7720	Kashechewan Wastewater System	Creek	Level I	7.0	4.0	9.0	10.0	9.0	7.4
120	Mississ- augas of the Credit	7742	New Credit Wastewater System	Creek	Level I	10.0	2.0	5.0	4.0	1.0	4.3
169	Oneida Nation of the Thames	NEW001	ONEIDA COLLIN RUSSELL WASTE- WATER SYSTEM	Creek	Level II	8.0	8.0	5.0	10.0	1.0	8.0
169	Oneida Nation of the Thames	7733	Oneida Village Wastewater System	Creek	Level I	9.0	5.0	7.0	10.0	1.0	6.0
121	Six Nations of the Grand River	7731	Six Nations of the Grand River Wastewater System	Creek	Level I	8.0	4.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	3.4
153	Anish- inabe of Wauz- hushk Onigum	7260	Bald Indian Bay Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	9.0	3.0	5.0	10.0	5.0	5.8
125	Anishn- aabeg of Naonga- shiing	7259	Saug-A-Gaw-Sing Wastewater Treatment System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	10.0	2.0	10.0	10.0	8.0	7.6
207	Bearskin Lake	7749	Bearskin Lake Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	10.0	5.0	6.0	5.0	6.0	6.4
197	Biinjiti- waabik Zaaging Anishin- aabek	7739	Rocky Bay Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level II	10.0	5.0	8.0	8.0	6.0	7.2
216	Cat Lake	7751	Cat Lake Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	10.0	6.0	6.0	4.0	10.0	7.4
237	Deer Lake	7705	Deer Lake Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level II	10.0	5.0	7.0	10.0	5.0	7.0
149	Grassy Narrows First Nation	7694	Grassy Narrows Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level II	10.0	4.0	8.0	10.0	6.0	7.2
154	Iskatewi- zaagegan No. 39 Indep- endent First Nation	7696	Shoal Lake 39 Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level II	9.0	2.0	5.0	10.0	3.0	5.1
210	Kasab- onika Lake	7729	Kasabonika Lake Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level II	9.0	9.0	10.0	10.0	6.0	8.7
325	Kee-Way- Win First Nation	7704	Keewaywin Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	9.0	6.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	8.8
209	Kitchen- uhmay- koosib Inninuwug	7700	Big Trout Lake Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	8.0	6.0	9.0	8.0	5.0	7.1
181	M'Chig- eeng First Nation	7744	Lakeview Communal Sewage System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	10.0	6.0	8.0	8.0	1.0	6.5
181	M'Chig- eeng First Nation	7745	M'Chigeeng Village Communal Sewage System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	10.0	6.0	9.0	10.0	1.0	6.9
213	Muskrat Dam Lake	7702	Muskrat Dam Lake Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	8.0	6.0	9.0	4.0	10.0	7.7
128	Naicatch- ewenin	7726	Naicatch- ewenin Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	8.0	2.0	7.0	4.0	4.0	5.0
158	Naotkam- egwanning	7693	Whitefish Bay Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	10.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	5.0	8.0
241	Nibinamik First Nation	7712	Nibinamik Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	8.0	6.0	8.0	10.0	5.0	7.1
204	North Caribou Lake	7748	North Caribou Lake Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	9.0	8.0	10.0	4.0	5.0	7.7
214	Sachigo Lake	7750	Sachigo Lake Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level I	8.0	5.0	4.0	4.0	5.0	5.2
175	Wikwem- ikong	7747	Wikwe- mikong Wastewater System	Lake, reservoir	Level II	10.0	8.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	6.6
143	Attawa- piskat	7717	Attawapiskat Wastewater System	Large river	Level I	8.0	3.0	7.0	10.0	9.0	6.9
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	7486	Akwesasne Block 97 RBC	Large river	Level I	8.0	5.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	5.4
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	15920	Akwesasne Cornwall Island Arena RBC	Large river	Level I	10.0	3.0	4.0	2.0	1.0	4.1
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	7297	Cornwall Island Akwesasne Mohawk School RBC	Large river	Level I	10.0	5.0	10.0	6.0	1.0	6.5
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	7293	St.Regis Wastewater Treatment Plant	Large river	Level II	10.0	2.0	4.0	2.0	1.0	3.9
144	Moose Cree First Nation	7718	Moose Factory Wastewater System	Large river	Level II	8.0	6.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	8.1
146	Peawanuck	7743	Peawanuck Wastewater System	Large river	Level I	6.0	5.0	9.0	10.0	6.0	6.9
145	Taykwa Tagamou Nation	7719	New Post Wastewater System	Large river	Level I	4.0	4.0	9.0	10.0	6.0	6.2
172	Aamjiw- naang	7735	Aamjiwnaang Wastewater System	MTA	MTA	4.0	2.0	5.0	10.0	1.0	3.7
198	Batch- ewana First Nation	7721	Batchewana Sanitary Main	MTA	MTA	1.0	1.0	3.0	1.0	1.0	1.5
126	Couchi- ching First Nation	7724	Town of Fort Frances	MTA	MTA	2.0	2.0	7.0	1.0	1.0	2.9
185	Ginoog- aming First Nation	7711	Town of Long Lac	MTA	MTA	1.0	8.0	7.0	10.0	8.0	8.0
184	Long Lake No.58 First Nation	7710	Town of Long Lac	MTA	MTA	5.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	10.0	8.2
164	Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	7649	Town of Deseronto Wastewater System	MTA	MTA	5.0	3.0	3.0	4.0	1.0	3.1
188	Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishin- aabek)	7738	Gull Bay Wastewater System	River	Level I	7.0	5.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	7.6
127	Lac La Croix	7725	Lac La Croix Wastewater System	River	Level I	7.0	7.0	8.0	10.0	5.0	7.1
174	Magne- tawan	7746	Magnetawan Wastewater System	River	Level II	9.0	5.0	7.0	10.0	4.0	6.6
238	North Spirit Lake	7706	North Spirit Lake Wastewater System	River	Level II	6.0	7.0	10.0	10.0	5.0	7.4
147	Ochiicha-gwebabi-goining First Nation	7736	The Dalles Wastewater System	River	Level I	7.0	3.0	9.0	10.0	6.0	6.6
236	Poplar Hill	7707	Poplar Hill Wastewater System	River	Level II	6.0	1.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	6.4
130	Rainy River First Nations	7727	Manitou Rapids Wastewater System	River	Level I	7.0	8.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	6.0
211	Sandy Lake First Nation	7740	Sandy Lake Wastewater System	River	Level I	7.0	5.0	9.0	10.0	6.0	7.1
150	Wabasee- moong Indep- endent Nations	7695	Wabasee- moong Wastewater System	River	Level II	7.0	3.0	8.0	10.0	6.0	6.3
170	Walpole Island	NEW001	ARENA WASTE- WATER SYSTEM	River	Small System	9.0	8.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	8.8
206	Wapekeka	7728	Wapekeka Wastewater System	River	Level I	7.0	6.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	7.3
240	Webequie First Nation	7713	Webequie Wastewater System	River	Level II	5.0	8.0	10.0	1.0	7.0	8.0
140	Mississ- augas of Scugog Island First Nation	0	APARTMENT COMPLEX	Sub- surface / Ground	Small System	4.0	3.0	8.0	1.0	5.0	4.6
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	7294	AKWESASNE NO. 59 - Daycare (ARCHIVE)	Sub- surface / Ground	Level I	5.0	3.0	7.0	6.0	1.0	4.3
138	Chippewas of Georgina Island	0	GEORGINA ISLAND FIRST NATION WASTE- WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	Tile field	Small System	5.0	4.0	9.0	10.0	9.0	7.0
166	Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	NEW001	ANTLER RIVER SENIORS COMPLEX WWTP	Tile field	Small System	5.0	4.0	4.0	10.0	1.0	4.2
203	Mishkee- gogamang	0	Teacherage and Nursing Residence Septic System	Tile field	Small System	4.0	1.0	7.0	1.0	10.0	4.9
123	Saugeen	NEW001	SAUGEEN WASTE- WATER SYSTEM	Tile field	Small System	3.0	5.0	9.0	10.0	6.0	6.3
137	Shawanaga First Nation	0	TEN-PLEX SEPTIC SYSTEM	Tile field	Small System	3.0	5.0	9.0	10.0	10.0	7.1
242	Aroland	7714	Aroland Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	3.0	1.0	9.0	10.0	7.0	5.5
182	Constance Lake	7708	Constance Lake Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	2.0	5.0	2.0	1.0	1.0	2.4
218	Dokis	NEW001	DOKIS WASTE- WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM	Wetland	Level I	6.0	2.0	9.0	10.0	10.0	6.9
183	Eabam- etoong First Nation	7709	Eabame- toong Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	2.0	6.0	6.0	2.0	1.0	3.8
215	Fort Severn	17014	Fort Severn Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	4.0	7.0	10.0	10.0	5.0	7.0
187	Fort William	7737	Fort William First Nation Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	4.0	4.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	7.3
212	Kingfisher	7730	Kingfisher Lake Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	4.0	7.0	9.0	6.0	7.0	6.8
186	Martin Falls	7715	Marten Falls Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	2.0	6.0	8.0	1.0	8.0	5.6
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	NEW001	AKWESASNE CHAPMAN ROAD WETLAND TREATMENT SYSTEM	Wetland	Level I	6.0	5.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	5.0
159	Mohawks of Akwesasne	7298	Akwesasne Syne RBC/Lagoon	Wetland	Level I	6.0	6.0	10.0	4.0	1.0	5.8
239	Nesk- antaga First Nation	17015	Neskantaga Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	2.0	3.0	6.0	1.0	6.0	3.9
220	Nipissing First Nation	NEW001	GARDEN VILLAGE STP	Wetland	Level II	5.0	1.0	3.0	2.0	1.0	2.4
208	Pikan- gikum	7703	Pikangikum Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	4.0	3.0	8.0	10.0	7.0	5.9
132	Seine River First Nation	7723	Seine River Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	6.0	4.0	7.0	4.0	1.0	4.5
222	Temagami First Nation	7741	Bear Island Wastewater System	Wetland	Level I	5.0	2.0	5.0	4.0	4.0	3.9
170	Walpole Island	7698	Walpole Island Residential Wastewater System	Wetland	Level II	4.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	10.0	8.0

Appendix F - Protocol and Servicing Costs

**Table F: Protocol and Servicing Costs (Water & Wastewater Combined)**
Band Number - Band Name	Community Name	Current Population	Current Homes	Forecast Population	Forecast Homes	Zone Markup
172 - Aamjiwnaang	Sarnia No. 45	925	225	1267	310	0.990
160 - Alderville First Nation	Alderville First Nation No. 160	397	237	515	355	1.000
163 - Algonquins of Pikwakanagan	Algonquins of Pikwakanagan	513	150	647	194	1.204
153 - Anishinabe of Wauzhushk Onigum	Kenora No. 38B	334	104	421	133	0.918
125 - Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing	Big Island	187	32	223	41	1.310
242 - Aroland	Aroland	359	119	384	127	1.354
143 - Attawapiskat	Attawapiskat	1909	280	2356	391	2.656
180 - Aundeck-Omni-Kaning	Sucker Creek	403	140	480	178	1.333
198 - Batchewana First Nation	Rankin Location No. 15D	847	262	1052	330	1.134
207 - Bearskin Lake	Bearskin Lake	428	152	509	192	2.071
141 - Beausoleil	Beausoleil	703	238	792	282	1.100
124 - Big Grassy	Big Grassy River	290	84	336	99	1.310
197 - Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek	Rocky Bay No. 1	376	84	446	101	1.310
228 - Brunswick House	Duck Lake No. 76B	150	40	223	64	1.333
216 - Cat Lake	Cat Lake	512	109	607	132	1.548
221 - Chapleau Cree First Nation	Chapleau No. 75	98	38	138	58	1.333
229 - Chapleau Ojibway	Chapleau No. 74A	32	11	40	15	1.333
138 - Chippewas of Georgina Island	Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation No.138	202	101	268	134	1.100
171 - Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point	Kettle Point No. 44	1320	389	1984	610	1.089
122 - Chippewas of Nawash	Cape Croker	877	276	1037	329	1.180
166 - Chippewas of the Thames First Nation	Chippewa Of The Thames First Nation No. 42	997	301	1175	360	0.990
182 - Constance Lake	Constance Lake	842	249	1055	320	1.220
237 - Deer Lake	Deer Lake	968	191	1191	246	1.900
218 - Dokis	Dokis No. 9	191	102	208	119	1.333
183 - Eabametoong First Nation	Fort Hope	1451	267	1851	367	1.548
148 - Eagle Lake	Eagle Lake No. 27	354	100	590	178	0.918
142 - Fort Albany	Fort Albany	1210	171	1595	267	2.463
215 - Fort Severn	Fort Severn	602	112	785	157	2.518
187 - Fort William	Fort William No. 52	820	213	1640	486	1.199
199 - Garden River First Nation	Garden River	1320	459	1597	597	1.134
185 - Ginoogaming First Nation	Ginoogaming First Nation	208	66	219	69	1.199
149 - Grassy Narrows First Nation	English River	917	215	1331	318	1.037
188 - Gull Bay (Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek)	Gull River No. 55	539	86	650	113	1.310
231 - Henvey Inlet First Nation	Henvey Inlet First Nation	195	56	239	70	1.333
162 - Hiawatha First Nation	Hiawatha First Nation No.162	257	107	341	149	1.000
154 - Iskatewizaagegan No. 39 Independent First Nation	Shoal Lake No. 39A	320	139	352	155	1.003
210 - Kasabonika Lake	Kasabonika Lake	930	194	1162	252	2.071
243 - Kashechewan	Kashechewan	1600	252	2179	396	2.463
325 - Kee-Way-Win First Nation	Kee-Way-Win First Nation	504	82	617	110	1.900
212 - Kingfisher	Kingfisher Lake	489	128	588	161	1.900
209 - Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug	Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug	978	295	1176	361	2.071
127 - Lac La Croix	Lac La Croix	307	88	330	95	1.310
205 - Lac Seul	Lac Seul No. 28	999	275	1244	356	1.665
184 - Long Lake No.58 First Nation	Long Lake No. 58	432	116	542	152	1.199
174 - Magnetawan	Magnetawan	103	36	138	53	1.333
186 - Martin Falls	Martin Falls First Nation	326	103	378	120	1.548
219 - Matachewan	Matachewan No. 72	71	34	89	43	1.333
226 - Mattagami	Mattagami No. 71	195	85	305	140	1.333
181 - M'Chigeeng First Nation	M'Chigeeng	1023	420	1198	507	1.333
225 - Michipicoten	Michipicoten	73	40	108	75	1.239
203 - Mishkeegogamang	Osnaburgh No. 63A	179	34	255	53	1.354
203 - Mishkeegogamang	Osnaburgh No. 63B	406	101	578	144	1.354
200 - Mississauga	Mississagi River No. 8	438	163	488	188	1.239
140 - Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation	Mississaugas Of Scugog Island First Nation	60	40	84	64	1.000
120 - Mississaugas of the Credit	Mississaugas of New Credit	1021	236	1286	302	1.000
159 - Mohawks of Akwesasne	Akwesasne	10808	1501	14523	2429	1.069
164 - Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte	Tyendinega Mohawk Territory	2502	910	2980	1149	1.000
144 - Moose Cree First Nation	Moose Cree First Nation	1870	470	2240	593	2.260
135 - Moose Deer Point	Moose Deer Point First Nation	201	77	283	118	1.220
167 - Moravian of the Thames	Moravian of the Thames	612	163	783	220	0.990
168 - Munsee-Delaware Nation	Munsee-Delaware Nation	191	60	219	69	0.990
213 - Muskrat Dam Lake	Muskrat Dam Lake	286	88	298	92	1.900
128 - Naicatchewenin	Naicatchewenin First Nation	266	83	322	101	1.310
158 - Naotkamegwanning	Whitefish Bay	828	176	996	218	1.003
239 - Neskantaga First Nation	Landsdowne House	333	85	402	108	1.729
241 - Nibinamik First Nation	Summer Beaver Settlement	368	105	411	119	2.232
129 - Nicickousemenecaning	Nicickousemenecaning First Nation	145	40	172	49	1.310
220 - Nipissing First Nation	Nipissing First Nation	1121	415	1467	588	1.220
204 - North Caribou Lake	North Caribou Lake	834	267	993	320	1.900
238 - North Spirit Lake	North Spirit Lake	456	79	689	137	1.900
151 - Northwest Angle No.33	Northwest Angle	234	79	297	110	1.232
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	Lake Of The Woods No. 37	75	24	101	32	1.003
152 - Northwest Angle No.37	Whitefish Bay No. 34A	102	40	138	58	1.003
235 - Obashkaandagaang	Rat Portage No. 38A	159	55	203	77	0.918
147 - Ochiichagwebabigoining First Nation	Dalles	149	54	174	66	0.918
258 - Ojibway Nation of Saugeen	Ojibway Nation Of Saugeen	110	35	125	40	1.354
131 - Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation	Sabaskong Bay	518	115	682	156	1.310
192 - Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation	Pic River	566	160	681	198	1.310
169 - Oneida Nation of the Thames	Oneida	2265	535	2602	619	0.990
191 - Pays Plat First Nation	Pays Plat First Nation	75	35	86	40	1.310
146 - Peawanuck	Peawanuck	295	70	374	89	2.994
195 - Pic Mobert	Pic Mobert	350	118	380	133	1.310
208 - Pikangikum	Pikangikum	2348	453	2867	582	1.729
236 - Poplar Hill	Poplar Hill First Nation	502	98	655	136	1.729
130 - Rainy River First Nations	Rainy River First Nations	478	100	633	138	1.310
193 - Red Rock	Lake Helen No. 53A	320	99	412	129	1.310
214 - Sachigo Lake	Sachigo Lake	534	165	702	221	2.071
179 - Sagamok Anishnawbek	Sagamok First Nation	1576	324	1929	412	1.333
211 - Sandy Lake First Nation	Sandy Lake First Nation	2501	400	3254	588	1.900
123 - Saugeen	Saugeen	915	301	1136	374	1.100
132 - Seine River First Nation	Seine River First Nation	343	80	377	88	1.310
201 - Serpent River First Nation	Serpent River First Nation No. 201	396	144	496	194	1.239
137 - Shawanaga First Nation	Shawanaga First Nation	245	98	347	149	1.333
176 - Sheguiandah	Sheguiandah	171	61	211	81	1.333
178 - Sheshegwaning	Sheshegwaning	107	66	117	76	1.333
155 - Shoal Lake No. 40	Shoal Lake No. 40	276	82	328	99	1.232
121 - Six Nations of the Grand River	Six Nations of the Grand River	11449	2767	16080	3924	1.000
259 - Slate Falls Nation	Slate Falls	153	55	194	75	1.665
133 - Stanjikoming First Nation	Stanjikoming First Nation	131	30	194	45	1.310
145 - Taykwa Tagamou Nation	New Post	100	24	177	43	1.672
222 - Temagami First Nation	Temagami First Nation	316	95	453	140	1.638
202 - Thessalon	Thessalon	113	52	146	68	1.239
150 - Wabaseemoong Independent Nations	Whitedog	873	197	1011	231	1.037
156 - Wabauskang First Nation	Wabauskang First Nation	120	29	208	51	1.037
157 - Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation	Wabigoon Lake No. 27	194	69	246	95	1.003
233 - Wahgoshig	Abitibi No. 70	185	46	275	68	1.333
232 - Wahnapitae	Wahnapitae First Nation	74	32	125	57	1.220
134 - Wahta Mohawk	Wahta Mohawk Territory	236	79	320	121	1.333
170 - Walpole Island	Walpole Island	2201	639	3702	1139	0.990
206 - Wapekeka	Wapekeka	439	107	548	134	2.071
136 - Wasauksing First Nation	Parry Island First Nation	448	156	526	195	1.220
234 - Wawakapewin	Wawakapewin	23	15	42	34	2.071
240 - Webequie First Nation	Webequie	712	208	819	243	1.900
224 - Whitefish Lake	Whitefish Lake	473	131	623	181	1.220
230 - Whitefish River	Whitefish River First Nation	382	178	427	200	1.333
190 - Whitesand	Whitesand	444	103	545	128	1.354
175 - Wikwemikong	Wikwemikong	3468	1040	4085	1245	1.333
217 - Wunnumin	Wunnumin	571	138	687	167	1.900
173 - Zhiibaahaasing First Nation	Cockburn Island	94	18	147	31	1.333

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Date modified:: 2011-08-29